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Stratification mechanisms in slope deposits in high subequatorial mountains

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  • Bernard Francou

Abstract

An analysis of the processes active in the frost environment of high subequatorial mountains makes it possible to propose a model for the stratification of slope deposits. Bedding is generated by solifluction sheets which move at the speed of a few cm y−1. Solifluction involves needle ice, frost creep and gelifluction, and the ground thickness concerned is less than 20 cm. Sorting takes place by frost heaving. Coarse particles are concentrated at the front of the sheets, where matrix materials tend to be washed away, and are then buried by the advancing fine layer. Sedimentary characteristics allow recognition of several diagnostic features which can be used to indicate the origin of bedding in relic slope deposits situated in mid‐latitudes. This model offers an alternative to earlier concepts of the stratification of slope deposits, but further studies are required, since other processes may also generate similar bedding features. Sur la base d'une analyse des processus et des mécanismes actifs dans le milieu cryonival de la haute montagne subéquatoriale, on propose un modèle de mise en place de la stratification dans les formations de pente. Le litage est produit par des coulées de solifluxion qui descendent à une vitesse annuelle de quelques centimétres. La solifluxion est engendrée par les actions de la glace d'exsudation, de la cryoreptation et de la gélifluxion. L'épaisseur de sol concernée est inférieure a 20 cm. La sélection des particules s'opère au cours de la descente par cryo‐expulsion de la phase grossière. Cette dernière se concentre sur le front de la coulée où la matrice tend à ětre lavée par les eaux de ruissellement, puis elle est ensevelie sous l'effet de l'avancée de la semelle fine. En analysant en parallèle la nature du sédiment, on parvient à mettre en évidence quelques marqueurs du mécanisme de litage. Ainsi, on peut utiliser ces derniers pour diagnostiquer l'origine de la stratification des formations de pente fossiles des latitudes moyennes. Des arguments existent pour suggérer que ce modèle peut constituer une alternative aux hypothèses classiques; mais d'autres études s'avèrent nécessaires, car il existe toute une gamme de processus pouvant ětre á l'origine de la stratification.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard Francou, 1990. "Stratification mechanisms in slope deposits in high subequatorial mountains," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 1(3‐4), pages 249-263, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:1:y:1990:i:3-4:p:249-263
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430010305
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