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Late pleistocene ice‐wedge casts and sand‐wedge relics in the wyoming basins, USA

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  • Thomas C. Nissen
  • Brainerd Mears

Abstract

Previous studies of late Pleistocene periglacial wedge relics in the present‐day steppe environment of the Wyoming plains are supplemented by laboratory analyses of the wedge‐filling materials. Field observations of the wedges now allow the differentiation of ice‐wedge casts, sand‐wedge relics and composite types, as well as epigenetic, syngenetic and polygenetic forms. The wedges penetrate both bedrock and unconsolidated Pleistocene deposits. The poorly sorted clastic wedge‐fills contain secondary pedogenic clays, clasts from abutting host materials and arkosic silty sands derived from late Pleistocene aeolian surficial deposits. Quartz grains in the coarser fractions of the wedge‐fills are well‐rounded and wind‐abraded, reflecting aeolian transport. Quartz particles displaying distinctive conchoidally fractured surfaces become increasingly abundant in the finer sand fractions—a phenomenon attributed to in situ, cryogenic weathering at the microscopic level. The wedges indicate a windswept permafrost environment characterized by thin or minimal snow covers. The abundance of sites where wedges penetrate weathered bedrock is attributed to the ongoing episode of late Cenozoic regional erosion in Wyoming. Les études antérieures des fentes en coin fossiles qui existent dans l'environnement actuel des plaines steppiques du Wyoming sont complétées par des analyses de laboratoire du matériel de remplissage. Des observations de terrain nous permettent maintenant de distinguer non seulement des moulages de coin de glace, des coins à remplissage primaire de sables et des formes composites, mais aussi des formes épigénétiques, syngénétiques et polygénétiques. Les coins pénètrent à la fois dans le bedrock et dans des dépǒts pléistocènes non consolidés. Les remplissages formés principalement de matériel clastique mal classé contiennent des argiles pédogénétiques secondaires, des débris du matériel encaissant et des sables silteux arkosiques provenant de dépǒts éoliens superficiels de la fin du Pléistocène. Des grains de quartz des fractions grossières des remplissages montrent par leur aspect rond‐mat un transport éolien. Les particules de quartz présentent des traces de fractures conchoidales bien distinctes qui deviennent incroyablement abondantes dans les fractions sableuses les plus fines; ce phenomhe est attribue ri une alteration cryogenique in situ, visible au niveau microscopique. Les coins indiquent un environne‐ment de pergelisol balaye par le vent et caracterise par une couverture de neige fine ouminimale. L'abondance des sites ou les coins penetrent le bedrock altkre est attribuee aun episode d'erosion regionale de la fin du Cenozoique au Wyoming.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas C. Nissen & Brainerd Mears, 1990. "Late pleistocene ice‐wedge casts and sand‐wedge relics in the wyoming basins, USA," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 1(3‐4), pages 201-219, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:1:y:1990:i:3-4:p:201-219
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430010302
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