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Permafrost and groundwater conditions, Huola river basin, northeast China

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  • Baolai Wang

Abstract

Permafrost and geohydrological investigations in a small basin in northeast China indicate that permafrost affects both the depth at which groundwater occurs and its artesian pressure. Artesian flow in the basin is common, and artesian head may be as much as 10 m above ground surface. The thickness of permafrost bears a close relationship to groundwater discharge (i.e. artesian flow rate), since a number of boreholes indicate that the greater the discharge, the thinner the permafrost. Over time the average rate of artesian flow from the boreholes decreases. The duration of flow depends on the rate of artesian flow, and permafrost temperature and thickness. Long‐term observations in areas where the permafrost is 70 m thick and has a mean annual ground temperature of −2.5°C indicate that if flow rate is larger than 0.8 l/s, flow continues for an indefinite period of time, but that if flow is less than 0.6 l/s, flow stops shortly. The difference in permafrost thickness, caused by the differential development of fractures and associated artesian head, may be as great as 50 m. Massive ground ice, with a thickness of more than 20 m, occurs in some boreholes at depth and is probably intrusive in nature. Des recherches se rapportant au pergélisol et à l'hydrogéologie dans un petit bassin du nord‐est de la Chine indiquent que le pergélisol intervient pour déterminer à la fois la profondeur à laquelle de l'eau existe dans le sol et sa pression artésienne. Des écoulements artésiens sont connus dans le bassin étudié et la pression artésienne peut atteindre l'équivalent de la pression d'une colonne d'eau s'élevant 10 m au‐dessus de la surface du sol. L'épaisseur du pergélisol est en relation étroite avec le débit d'eau du sol (c'est‐à‐dire avec la vitesse d'écoulement artésienne) puisque de nombreux sondages indiquent que plus le débit est élevé, plus le pergélisol est mince. Avec le temps, le débit moyen artésien observé dans les sondages diminue. La durée de l'écoulement dépend de l'importance du débit artésien, de la température du pergélisol et de son épaisseur. Des observations à long terme dans des régions où le pergélisol a 70 m d'épaisseur et se trouve à une température moyenne annuelle de −2,5 °C indiquent que si le débit est supérieur à 0,8 l/s, l'écoulement se poursuit pendant une période indéfinie. Par contre, si le débit est inférieur à 0,6 l/s, l'écoulement s'arrěte rapidement. La différence d'épaisseur du pergélisol causée par le développement différentiel de fractures et de la pression artésienne associée peut atteindre 50 m. De la glace du sol massive avec une épaisseur de plus de 20 m a été trouvée en profondeur dans quelques sondages et est probablement d'origine intrusive.

Suggested Citation

  • Baolai Wang, 1990. "Permafrost and groundwater conditions, Huola river basin, northeast China," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 1(1), pages 45-52, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:1:y:1990:i:1:p:45-52
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430010106
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