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Some observations on the growth and deformation of epigenetic, syngenetic and anti‐syngenetic ice wedges

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  • J. Ross Mackay

Abstract

Ice wedges are normally classified into two main types: epigenetic and syngenetic. Epigenetic wedges grow wider rather than higher or deeper. Syngenetic wedges grow both wider and higher more or less simultaneously with the deposition of material at the growth site. Field studies show that there is a third type, an anti‐syngenetic wedge, which grows downward on receding slopes in a direction normal to the slope. The downward growth rate is a function of the rate of ice‐veinlet growth and slope recession. The downward growth of an anti‐syngenetic wedge at a site with a net removal of material is thus opposite to that of the upward growth of a syngenetic wedge at a site with a net addition of material. The deformation of epigenetic, syngenetic and anti‐syngenetic wedges by shear and creep may complicate attempts at age‐dating the wedges by ice petrofabrics, stable isotopes and other methods. Les fentes de gel à remplissage de glace sont d'habitude classées en deux types principaux, à savoir les fentes de gel épigénétiques et syngénétiques. Les fentes en coin épigénétiques grandissent en largeur plutǒt qu'en hauteur ou en profondeur. Les fentes en coin syngénétiques grandissent à peu près en měme temps à la fois en largeur et en hauteur au fur et à mesure que s'accumulent des matériaux à la surface. Des études de terrain montrent qu'un troisième type existe que nous appellerons ‘fentes de gel anti‐syngénétiques’ qui grandissent vers le bas sur des pentes reculant parallèlement à elles‐měmes. La vitesse de croissance vers le bas est fonction à la fois de la vitesse de croissance de la fente de glace et de la vitesse de recul du versant. La croissance vers le bas d'un coin anti‐syngénétique à un endroit où se produit l'ablation de matériaux s'oppose donc à la croissance vers le haut d'un coin syngénétique qui apparaǐt quand des matériaux s'accumulent à la surface du sol. Les déformations par cisaillement et creep des fentes en coin épigénétiques, syngénétiques et anti‐syngénétiques peuvent compliquer les essais de datation des coins de glace, réalisés par l'étude des caractères de la glace, la détermination des isotopes stables de celle‐ci, ou encore par d'autres méthodes.

Suggested Citation

  • J. Ross Mackay, 1990. "Some observations on the growth and deformation of epigenetic, syngenetic and anti‐syngenetic ice wedges," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 1(1), pages 15-29, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:1:y:1990:i:1:p:15-29
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430010104
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    Cited by:

    1. Yurij K. Vasil'chuk & Nadine A. Budantseva, 2022. "Holocene ice wedges of the Kolyma Lowland and January paleotemperature reconstructions based on oxygen isotope records," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 33(1), pages 3-17, January.

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