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Water Resource Adequacy: Illusion and Reality

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  • GILBERT F. WHITE

Abstract

This paper examines recent shifts in technical thinking which have altered prevailing views on how to assess the adequacy of fresh water supplies to satisfy future demand. From a study of recent national and international documents at least six concepts of water resources and its uses can be shown to be undergoing significant change. They are related to: constraints on drinking water adequacy; the alternatives to increasing physical supply; the relationship of population growth to industrial and agricultural water use; the meaning of flood and drought disasters; the risks to aquatic ecosystems; and the implications of possible climatic changes. The emphasis in assessment has in turn shifted from an estimation of total supply and withdrawal towards an estimation of the effects on water quality and distribution resulting from changes in water and land use. The author shows that assessments of future supplies will have to take into account not only the total volume of water as related to growing demand but also an examination of the social and political conditions within which fundamental choices as to technologies and water management strategies will take place. Cet article étudie les récents changements dans le mode de pensée technique qui ont modifié les vues établies sur la manière d'évaluer la qualité des approvisionnements en eau douce en vue de répondre à la demande future. Partant de l'étude de documents nationaux et internationaux, il ressort au moins six concepts en matière de ressources en eau et l'on peut démontrer que ses utilisations subissent actuellement de profonds changements. Ces concepts ont trait à des contraintes concernant la qualité de l'eau potable, les différents moyens d'augmenter l'approvisionnement, la relation entre la croissance démographique et l'utilisation de l'eau à des fins industrielles et agriculturales; la signification des désastres causés par les inondations et la sécheresse, les risques qu'encourent les écosystèmes aquatiques et les implications de changements climatiques éventuels. A son tour, l'emphase dans l'évaluation est passée d'une estimation de l'approvisionnement total et du soutirage à une estimation des effets sur la qualité et les réseaux d'approvisionnement de l'eau résultant de changements dans l'utilisation de l'eau et des sols. L'auteur démontre que les évaluations des approvisionnements futurs tiendront compte non seulement du volume total de l'eau par rapport à la demande croissante mais aussi d'un examen des conditions sociales et politiques dans lesquelles se feront des choix fondamentaux en ce qui concerne les technologies et les stratégies de gestion des ressources en eau. Este artículo examina los cambios recientes que alteran el enfoque técnico de cómo evaluar la suficiencia del suministro de agua dulce para satisfacer la demands futura. Del estudio de documentos recientes, nacionales e internacionales, se puede notar que por lo menos seis conceptos sobre recursos de agua y su uso están cambiando en forma significativa. Ellos son: restricciones sobre suficiencia de agua potable; alternativas al aumento quantitativo del suministro; la relación del crecimiento de población al uso de agua en la industria y la agricultura; el significado de desastres de inundación y sequía; los riesgos del ecosistema acuático; y los efectos sobre posibles cambios climáticos. El énfasis en la evaluación a cambiado de la estimación del suministro y uso total hacia la estimación de los aspectos de la calidad de agua y su distribución resultantes de los cambios en el uso de agua y tierras. El autor muestra que la evaluación del suministro futuro tomará en cuenta no solamente el volumen total de agua en relación a la demanda creciente, sino también el examen de las condiciones sociales y políticas que influyen las decisiones fundamentales sobre la selección de technologías y la estrategia de la administración de recursos de agua.

Suggested Citation

  • Gilbert F. White, 1983. "Water Resource Adequacy: Illusion and Reality," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 7(1), pages 11-21, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:natres:v:7:y:1983:i:1:p:11-21
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.1983.tb00015.x
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