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Energy And Economic Development: A Close Look At Inter‐Country Comparisons

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  • PAVEL KRAL

Abstract

The relationship between development and energy, one of the essential inputs into an economic process, is extremely complex. The following article compares energy/GNP ratios of various countries and analyses some of the major factors accounting for the differences in the intensity of their energy use. Among the factors discussed are the exclusion of non‐commercial energy from energy statistics, the share of electricity in total energy consumption, the structure of the economy, end‐use efficiencies, prices, invisible trade in energy, energy mix, and others. The author concludes that future levels of development in most parts of the world will depend on the extent to which past development patterns based on inexpensive non‐renewable energy can be modified. La relation entre le développement et l'énergie, une des composantes essentielles de tout processus économique, est extrêmement complexe. Cet article établit une comparaison entre les rapports énergie/PNB de plusieurs pays et fait l'analyse de quelques‐uns des principaux facteurs expliquant les différences d'intensité qui existent au niveau de leur utilisation de l'énergie. Parmi les facteurs étudiés, nous remarquons l'exclusion de l'énergie non‐commerciale des statistiques énergétiques, la part de l'électricité qui entre dans la consommation totale de l'énergie, la structure de l'économie, les rendements finaux, les prix, les invisibles en matière d'énergie, la gamme énergétique, etc. L'auteur conclut, qu'à l'avenir, les niveaux de développement de la plupart des régions du monde seront fonction de leur capacité de modification des modèles de développement antérieurs basés sur l'énergie non renouvelable à bon marché. La relación existente entre desarrollo y energía es muy compleja. En este articulo se comparan las razones energía/PNB de varios países y se analizan los factores mas importantes que explican las diferencias en la intensidad del uso de energía por estos países. Entre los factores analizados se encuentran: la exclusión de las energías no comerciales de las estadísticas energéticas, la parte de la electricidad en el consumo total de energía, la estructura de la economía, eficiencias en el uso final de energía, precios, transferencias comerciales “invisibles” de energía, estructura del consumo y suministro de energía y otros. El autor concluye que los niveles de desarrollo alcanzables en el futuro en la mayor parte del mundo dependerán del grado en que sean modificadas las tendencias de desarrollo basadas en las condiciones de energía barata y no renovable imperantes en el pasado.

Suggested Citation

  • Pavel Kral, 1980. "Energy And Economic Development: A Close Look At Inter‐Country Comparisons," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 4(3), pages 239-257, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:natres:v:4:y:1980:i:3:p:239-257
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.1980.tb00984.x
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