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Role of Wind and Fear on the Dynamic of a Prey and Two Competing Predators

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  • Rasha A. Ali
  • Hiba Abdullah Ibrahim

Abstract

An essential tool for studying the web is its ability to show how energy moves through an ecosystem. Understanding and elucidating the relationship between species variety and their placement within the inclusive trophic dynamics is also beneficial. A food web ecological model with prey and two rival predators under fear and wind flow conditions is developed in this article. The boundedness and positivity of the system’s solution are established mathematically. The stability and existence constraints of the system’s equilibria are examined. The proposed system’s persistence limitations are established. Additionally, the bifurcation analysis of every potential equilibrium is examined using the Sotomayor theorem. To describe the dynamical behavior of the proposed system, inclusive numerical simulations are performed using MATLAB software (version R2018b). This article aims to recognize the effect of fear and wind flow on the dynamics of this ecosystem. It was found that the high levels of fear caused the decrease of the predators, and the bistable state appeared while rising levels of wind flow caused the extinction of the predators.

Suggested Citation

  • Rasha A. Ali & Hiba Abdullah Ibrahim, 2025. "Role of Wind and Fear on the Dynamic of a Prey and Two Competing Predators," Journal of Applied Mathematics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2025(1).
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jnljam:v:2025:y:2025:i:1:n:3756733
    DOI: 10.1155/jama/3756733
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dipesh Barman & Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay, 2023. "Modelling Predator–Prey Interactions: A Trade-Off between Seasonality and Wind Speed," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-26, December.
    2. Dahlia Khaled Bahlool & Huda Abdul Satar & Hiba Abdullah Ibrahim, 2020. "Order and Chaos in a Prey‐Predator Model Incorporating Refuge, Disease, and Harvesting," Journal of Applied Mathematics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2020(1).
    3. Firas Hussean Maghool & Raid Kamel Naji, 2021. "The Dynamics of a Tritrophic Leslie‐Gower Food‐Web System with the Effect of Fear," Journal of Applied Mathematics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2021(1).
    4. Dahlia Khaled Bahlool & Huda Abdul Satar & Hiba Abdullah Ibrahim, 2020. "Order and Chaos in a Prey-Predator Model Incorporating Refuge, Disease, and Harvesting," Journal of Applied Mathematics, Hindawi, vol. 2020, pages 1-19, June.
    5. Hiba Abdullah Ibrahim & Raid Kamel Naji, 2023. "The Impact of Fear on a Harvested Prey–Predator System with Disease in a Prey," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-28, June.
    6. Zainab Saeed Abbas & Raid Kamel Naji, 2022. "Modeling and Analysis of the Influence of Fear on a Harvested Food Web System," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(18), pages 1-37, September.
    7. Firas Hussean Maghool & Raid Kamel Naji, 2021. "The Dynamics of a Tritrophic Leslie-Gower Food-Web System with the Effect of Fear," Journal of Applied Mathematics, Hindawi, vol. 2021, pages 1-21, September.
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