IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/intnem/v36y2026i1ne70030.html

Predicting Arbitrage Occurrences With Machine Learning and Improved Decision Threshold Level in Live‐Trading Crypto Environments

Author

Listed:
  • Kristína Okasová
  • Michal Géci
  • Kristián Košťál

Abstract

Cryptocurrencies represent a significantly utilized class of digital assets, encompassing a diverse array of tokens and coins available for trading purposes. In this study, the integration of machine learning algorithms with an arbitrage trading strategy across cryptocurrency exchanges is explored. The objective is to scrutinize prominent cryptocurrency pairs characterized by high volatility, vulnerability to speculation, regulatory gaps, liquidity constraints, and heavy‐tail distribution, with the intention of training the model to predict the potential for arbitrage. To differentiate from competitors who await rare arbitrage opportunities, a novel approach is introduced to enhance arbitrage profitability. The primary innovation of this study lies in demonstrating the capability to predict profitable arbitrage opportunities in discrete intervals in advance, by incorporating sophisticated confidence level metrics to initiate arbitrage trades only when the model's predictions demonstrate substantial certainty. The findings indicate that the profitability of the entire strategy exceeds 100% within a 1‐week timeframe.

Suggested Citation

  • Kristína Okasová & Michal Géci & Kristián Košťál, 2026. "Predicting Arbitrage Occurrences With Machine Learning and Improved Decision Threshold Level in Live‐Trading Crypto Environments," International Journal of Network Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(1), January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:intnem:v:36:y:2026:i:1:n:e70030
    DOI: 10.1002/nem.70030
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/nem.70030
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1002/nem.70030?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hemendra Gupta & Rashmi Chaudhary, 2022. "An Empirical Study of Volatility in Cryptocurrency Market," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Matthias Schonlau & Rosie Yuyan Zou, 2020. "The random forest algorithm for statistical learning," Stata Journal, StataCorp LLC, vol. 20(1), pages 3-29, March.
    3. Baur, Dirk G. & Dimpfl, Thomas, 2018. "Asymmetric volatility in cryptocurrencies," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 148-151.
    4. Ahmed, Mohamed Shaker & El-Masry, Ahmed A. & Al-Maghyereh, Aktham I. & Kumar, Satish, 2024. "Cryptocurrency volatility: A review, synthesis, and research agenda," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    5. Chen, Jialan & Lin, Dan & Wu, Jiajing, 2022. "Do cryptocurrency exchanges fake trading volumes? An empirical analysis of wash trading based on data mining," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 586(C).
    6. Sinan Krückeberg & Peter Scholz, 2020. "Decentralized Efficiency? Arbitrage in Bitcoin Markets," Financial Analysts Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 76(3), pages 135-152, July.
    7. Khaled Mokni & Ghassen El Montasser & Ahdi Noomen Ajmi & Elie Bouri, 2025. "On the Efficiency and Its Drivers in the Cryptocurrency Market: The Case of Bitcoin and Ethereum," Springer Books, in: Gang Kou & Yongqiang Li & Zongyi Zhang & J. Leon Zhao & Zhi Zhuo (ed.), Blockchain, Crypto Assets, and Financial Innovation, pages 162-191, Springer.
    8. Takahiro Hattori & Ryo Ishida, 2021. "The relationship between arbitrage in futures and spot markets and Bitcoin price movements: Evidence from the Bitcoin markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(1), pages 105-114, January.
    9. Liu, Jinan & Valcarcel, Victor J., 2024. "Hedging inflation expectations in the cryptocurrency futures market," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    10. Erdinc Akyildirim & Ahmet Goncu & Ahmet Sensoy, 2021. "Prediction of cryptocurrency returns using machine learning," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 297(1), pages 3-36, February.
    11. Raphael Auer & Giulio Cornelli & Sebastian Doerr & Jon Frost & Leonardo Gambacorta, 2022. "Crypto trading and Bitcoin prices: evidence from a new database of retail adoption," BIS Working Papers 1049, Bank for International Settlements.
    12. Mukul Bhatnagar & Sanjay Taneja & Ramona Rupeika-Apoga, 2023. "Demystifying the Effect of the News (Shocks) on Crypto Market Volatility," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-16, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mingnan Li & Viktor Manahov & John Ashton, 2025. "The impact of cryptocurrency heists on Bitcoin's market efficiency," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(3), pages 2912-2929, July.
    2. Kitvanitphasu, Atiwat & Kyaw, Khine & Likitapiwat, Tanakorn & Treepongkaruna, Sirimon, 2026. "Bitcoin wild moves: Evidence from order flow toxicity and price jumps," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    3. Wang, Yaqi & Wang, Chunfeng & Sensoy, Ahmet & Yao, Shouyu & Cheng, Feiyang, 2022. "Can investors’ informed trading predict cryptocurrency returns? Evidence from machine learning," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    4. Alessio Brini & Jimmie Lenz, 2024. "A comparison of cryptocurrency volatility-benchmarking new and mature asset classes," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 1-38, December.
    5. Guo, Zi-Yi, 2022. "Risk management of Bitcoin futures with GARCH models," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    6. Banerjee, Ameet Kumar & Akhtaruzzaman, Md & Dionisio, Andreia & Almeida, Dora & Sensoy, Ahmet, 2022. "Nonlinear nexus between cryptocurrency returns and COVID-19 news sentiment," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
    7. Alessio Brini & Jimmie Lenz, 2024. "A Comparison of Cryptocurrency Volatility-benchmarking New and Mature Asset Classes," Papers 2404.04962, arXiv.org.
    8. Saeed Arshad, 2024. "Volatility Prediction in Cryptocurrency UsingNFTs," International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology, 50sea, vol. 6(7), pages 22-31, October.
    9. Becker, Sascha O. & Voth, Hans-Joachim, 2023. "From the Death of God to the Rise of Hitler," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 688, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
    10. Kakinaka, Shinji & Umeno, Ken, 2021. "Exploring asymmetric multifractal cross-correlations of price–volatility and asymmetric volatility dynamics in cryptocurrency markets," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 581(C).
    11. Hodula, Martin, 2025. "Does U.S. monetary policy sway global crypto investment demand?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    12. Sylvanus Gaku & Jennifer Ifft & Brady Brewer & Luke Byers, 2026. "The Financial Status and Local Credit Market Conditions of U.S. Farms Engaged in Multiple Borrowing," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 48(1), pages 266-277, March.
    13. Bouteska, Ahmed & Sharif, Taimur & Isskandarani, Layal & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul, 2025. "Market efficiency and its determinants: Macro-level dynamics and micro-level characteristics of cryptocurrencies," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    14. Lin, Dan & Wu, Jiajing & Xuan, Qi & Tse, Chi K., 2022. "Ethereum transaction tracking: Inferring evolution of transaction networks via link prediction," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 600(C).
    15. Pierre J. Venter & Eben Maré, 2020. "GARCH Generated Volatility Indices of Bitcoin and CRIX," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-15, June.
    16. Mehmet Ali Köseoglu, 2025. "Integrating Sustainable Development Goals With Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Analysis Across Income Levels," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(6), pages 8949-8968, December.
    17. Angerer, Martin & Hoffmann, Christian Hugo & Neitzert, Florian & Kraus, Sascha, 2021. "Objective and subjective risks of investing into cryptocurrencies," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).
    18. Chen, Yan & Zhang, Lei & Bouri, Elie, 2024. "Can a self-exciting jump structure better capture the jump behavior of cryptocurrencies? A comparative analysis with the S&P 500," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    19. Zhang, Chuanhai & Ma, Huan & Arkorful, Gideon Bruce & Peng, Zhe, 2023. "The impacts of futures trading on volatility and volatility asymmetry of Bitcoin returns," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    20. Scindhiya Laxmi & S. K. Gupta & Sumit Kumar, 2024. "Intuitionistic fuzzy least square twin support vector machines for pattern classification," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 339(3), pages 1329-1378, August.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:intnem:v:36:y:2026:i:1:n:e70030. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1190 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.