India's Climate Policy: Squaring the Circle

The Durban Platform process towards a new global climate agreement has thrown open for debate all issues, including those earlier settled in the Kyoto Protocol. Any new compact must ensure sharply reduced global emissions as required by science, while adhering to principles of equity between nations regarding utilisation of the atmospheric commons. India faces serious difficulties in reconciling international expectations and domestic developmental priorities. India's recent economic growth, increased emissions and great power ambitions suggest greater need and capacity for mitigation whereas its continuing burden of income and energy poverty severely inhibits additional commitments. This article examines the factors driving India's negotiating position. It argues that an equitable development perspective within India, a clearer appreciation of climate science and its likely impacts, and a more balanced view of its diplomatic interests especially in the global South, would yield a more coherent position than a US or first world‐driven agenda and inevitable defensive reactions.