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THE Role of Law in Structuring Sustainable Finance for Infrastructure Projects in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Comparative Study of Nigeria, South Africa, and Kenya

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  • Augustine Edobor Arimoro

Abstract

Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA)'s infrastructure deficit is not fundamentally a consequence of insufficient capital but rather of legal and institutional failure. This article argues that law is a decisive factor in determining whether infrastructure finance becomes possible, functioning not merely as a background condition but as a mechanism through which capital is mobilised or constrained. Drawing on new institutional economics, Kathrina Pistor's capital theory, Dani Rodrik's political trilemma, and law and development scholarship, it compares how Nigeria, South Africa, and Kenya have structured the legal conditions for infrastructure finance. These three common law jurisdictions (South Africa is hybrid) represent different stages of institutional development and together reflect the range of infrastructure finance outcomes across the region. The analysis identifies key legal weaknesses, including fragmented land tenure systems, limited secured transactions frameworks, underdeveloped pension regulation, and ineffective judicial institutions, all of which inhibit the efficient allocation of capital to infrastructure projects. Comparatively South Africa's experience demonstrates how stronger legal and regulatory institutions can facilitate investment, while Kenya's reform trajectory illustrates that significant progress can be achieved without a comprehensive institutional overhaul. The article advances the theoretical argument that institutional quality is the decisive variable shaping infrastructure finance outcomes and concludes by proposing a set of sequenced and practical legal reform recommendations. 撒哈拉以南非洲的基础设施缺口, 其根源并非资本不足, 而是法律与制度的缺失。本文认为, 法律是决定基础设施融资能否实现的关键因素;它不仅仅是背景条件, 更是动员或制约资本流动的机制。本文借鉴新制度经济学、Kathrina Pistor的资本理论、Dani Rodrik的政治“三难困境”以及“法律与发展”领域的学术成果, 比较了尼日利亚、南非和肯尼亚在构建基础设施融资法律环境方面的做法。这三个属于普通法系 (南非为混合法系) 的司法管辖区代表了制度发展的不同阶段, 共同反映了该地区基础设施融资成效的差异。分析指出了一系列关键的法律缺陷, 包括碎片化的土地权属体系、有限的担保交易框架、滞后的养老金监管以及低效的司法机构, 这些因素都阻碍了资本向基础设施项目的高效配置。比较而言, 南非的经验表明, 更健全的法律与监管制度如何促进投资;而肯尼亚的改革历程则显示, 无需进行全面的制度重构也能取得显著进展。本文提出了制度质量是决定基础设施融资成效之关键变量的理论观点, 并最后提出了一套分阶段实施且切实可行的法律改革建议。 El déficit de infraestructura del África subsahariana no es fundamentalmente consecuencia de una insuficiencia de capital, sino más bien de deficiencias jurídicas e institucionales. Este artículo sostiene que el derecho es un factor decisivo para determinar la viabilidad de la financiación de infraestructuras, actuando no solo como un marco de referencia, sino como un mecanismo mediante el cual se moviliza o restringe el capital. A partir de la nueva economía institucional, la teoría del capital de Kathrina Pistor, el trilema político de Dani Rodrik y la doctrina sobre derecho y desarrollo, se comparan las formas en que Nigeria, Sudáfrica y Kenia han estructurado las condiciones jurídicas para la financiación de infraestructuras. Estas tres jurisdicciones de *common law* (Sudáfrica es un sistema híbrido) representan diferentes etapas de desarrollo institucional y, en conjunto, reflejan la diversidad de resultados en materia de financiación de infraestructuras en la región. El análisis identifica debilidades jurídicas clave, tales como sistemas fragmentados de tenencia de la tierra, marcos limitados para las operaciones con garantías reales, una regulación de pensiones poco desarrollada e instituciones judiciales ineficaces; factores que obstaculizan la asignación eficiente de capital a proyectos de infraestructura. En términos comparativos, la experiencia de Sudáfrica demuestra cómo unas instituciones jurídicas y regulatorias más sólidas pueden facilitar la inversión, mientras que la trayectoria de reformas de Kenia ilustra que es posible lograr avances significativos sin necesidad de una reforma institucional integral. El artículo plantea el argumento teórico de que la calidad institucional es la variable determinante de los resultados en la financiación de infraestructuras y concluye proponiendo una serie de recomendaciones prácticas y secuenciadas para la reforma jurídica.

Suggested Citation

  • Augustine Edobor Arimoro, 2026. "THE Role of Law in Structuring Sustainable Finance for Infrastructure Projects in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Comparative Study of Nigeria, South Africa, and Kenya," Journal of Critical Infrastructure Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 7(2), March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:crtinf:v:7:y:2026:i:2:n:e70033
    DOI: 10.1002/jci3.70033
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