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Abstract
The infiltration of counterfeit, fraudulent, and suspect items into civil nuclear supply chains, notably within power generation and medical isotope production, poses severe safety and security threats. The ever‐increasing growth in nuclear installations (70 power plants are under construction and another 100 are in the planning stage) and the associated supply chain will further expand this threat, leading to compromised system integrity and a heightened risk of operational failures. This perspective article explores the technological synergies between emerging blockchain and quantum technologies to mitigate these vulnerabilities. Specifically, the paper examines how permissioned and hybrid blockchain models, combined with quantum key distribution, quantum random number generators, and post‐quantum cryptography, can enhance traceability, provenance verification, data integrity, and secure communications across the supply chain. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks, practical implementation strategies, and emerging real‐world case studies, including those from analogous critical sectors, the article analytically examines the technological potential and specific applications of these advanced technologies. A forward‐looking roadmap outlines essential technical steps and addresses the inherent technical challenges and opportunities necessary for effective integration of these solutions, ultimately proposing a robust, transparent, and quantum‐resilient nuclear supply chain for the future. 假冒伪劣产品和可疑物品渗入民用核供应链 (尤其是在发电和医用同位素生产领域), 构成了严重的安全威胁。核设施的持续增长 (目前有70座核电站正在建设中, 另有100座处于规划阶段) 及其相关供应链将进一步加剧这一威胁, 导致系统完整性受损, 运行故障风险增加。本文探讨了新兴区块链和量子技术之间的协同效应, 以缓解这些漏洞。具体而言, 本文研究了许可型和混合型区块链模型如何结合量子密钥分发、量子随机数生成器和后量子密码学, 来增强整个供应链的可追溯性、来源验证、数据完整性和安全通信。本文借鉴理论框架、实用实施策略以及新兴的真实案例研究 (包括来自类似关键领域的案例), 分析了这些先进技术的技术潜力和具体应用。本文提出了一个前瞻性的路线图, 概述了关键的技术步骤, 并探讨了有效整合这些解决方案所固有的技术挑战和机遇, 最终提出了一个面向未来的稳健、透明且具有量子弹性的核能供应链。 La infiltración de artículos falsificados, fraudulentos y sospechosos en las cadenas de suministro nucleares civiles, especialmente en la generación de energía y la producción de isótopos médicos, plantea graves amenazas para la seguridad. El creciente crecimiento de las instalaciones nucleares (70 centrales eléctricas están en construcción y otras 100 en fase de planificación) y la cadena de suministro asociada agravarán aún más esta amenaza, lo que provocará la pérdida de la integridad del sistema y un mayor riesgo de fallos operativos. Este artículo, de perspectiva, explora las sinergias tecnológicas entre las tecnologías emergentes de blockchain y cuánticas para mitigar estas vulnerabilidades. En concreto, el artículo examina cómo los modelos de blockchain permisionados e híbridos, combinados con la distribución de claves cuánticas, los generadores cuánticos de números aleatorios y la criptografía poscuántica, pueden mejorar la trazabilidad, la verificación de la procedencia, la integridad de los datos y la seguridad de las comunicaciones a lo largo de la cadena de suministro. Basándose en marcos teóricos, estrategias de implementación práctica y estudios de casos reales emergentes, incluyendo aquellos de sectores críticos análogos, el artículo examina analíticamente el potencial tecnológico y las aplicaciones específicas de estas tecnologías avanzadas. Una hoja de ruta prospectiva describe los pasos técnicos esenciales y aborda los desafíos y oportunidades técnicas inherentes necesarios para la integración efectiva de estas soluciones, proponiendo en última instancia una cadena de suministro nuclear robusta, transparente y con resiliencia cuántica para el futuro.
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References listed on IDEAS
- Hobbs, Christopher & Naser, Zoha & Tzinieris, Sarah, 2025.
"Securing the nuclear supply chain: Addressing the issue of counterfeiting,"
International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
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"Exploring Blockchain for Nuclear Material Tracking: A Scoping Review and Innovative Model Proposal,"
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