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Forecast Accuracy and Consistent Preferences for the Timing of Information Arrival†

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  • Christian Hofmann
  • Naomi R. Rothenberg

Abstract

We study a principal's choice of whether to produce an imperfect forecast about a firm's outcome either before or after an agent's effort choice. The early forecast affects the agent's effort choice, which means the forecast can also be used to infer information about the effect of the agent's effort on outcome. The late forecast is more accurate because, by working hard, the agent also learns about productivity, implying that the late forecast has an additional performance measurement role. With verifiable information, the principal prefers a late forecast when the agent's effect on the accuracy of the forecast is either large or small. The agent has consistent preferences when the agent's effect on the accuracy of the late forecast is not too large. With unverifiable information, the agent's information rents imply that the principal cannot use either forecast as a performance measure. Thus, the accuracy of the late forecast has no effect on the principal's preference. However, if the accuracy of the early forecast is low and its decision‐making function is diminished, the principal prefers a late signal. Exactitude prévisionnelle et homogénéité des préférences quant au choix du moment de la communication de l'information Les auteurs se penchent sur le choix du mandant quant à la communication d'une prévision imparfaite au sujet des résultats d'une entreprise antérieurement ou postérieurement au choix du mandataire quant à l'effort à déployer. La prévision hâtive influe sur le choix du mandataire en ce qui a trait à l'effort à déployer, ce qui signifie qu'elle peut également servir à déduire de l'information relative à l'incidence de l'effort déployé par le mandataire sur le résultat. La prévision tardive est plus exacte du fait que le mandataire, en déployant beaucoup d'efforts, en apprend aussi davantage sur la productivité, ce qui laisse entendre que la prévision tardive a un rôle supplémentaire d'indicateur de performance. Disposant d'information vérifiable, le mandant préfère une prévision tardive, que l'influence du mandataire sur l'exactitude prévisionnelle soit importante ou faible. Le mandataire affiche des préférences homogènes lorsque l'influence qu'il exerce sur l'exactitude de la prévision tardive n'est pas trop importante. Dans le cas d'information non vérifiable, le loyer de l'information pour le mandataire suppose que le mandant ne peut utiliser ni l'une ni l'autre des prévisions à titre d'indicateur de performance. Par conséquent, l'exactitude de la prévision tardive n'a pas d'incidence sur la préférence du mandant. Toutefois, si l'exactitude de la prévision hâtive est faible et que sa fonction décisionnelle s'en trouve réduite, le mandant préférera un signal tardif.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Hofmann & Naomi R. Rothenberg, 2019. "Forecast Accuracy and Consistent Preferences for the Timing of Information Arrival†," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(4), pages 2207-2237, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:2207-2237
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12499
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    Cited by:

    1. Rahul Menon & Lin Nan, 2023. "Sooner or later? A study of report timing," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 32(3), pages 762-779, March.
    2. Christian Lukas, 2023. "On interim performance evaluations and interdependent period outcomes," Journal of Management Control: Zeitschrift für Planung und Unternehmenssteuerung, Springer, vol. 34(1), pages 67-108, March.

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