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Do Political Connections Weaken Tax Enforcement Effectiveness?

Author

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  • Kenny Z. Lin
  • Lillian F. Mills
  • Fang Zhang
  • Yongbo Li

Abstract

This paper examines whether ties to politicians by corporate boards of directors weaken the effectiveness of tax authorities in constraining tax avoidance in China. We use a unique data set to measure geographic time‐variant tax enforcement, including the probability of income tax audit, the expertise of tax officers, and the consequences of underreporting tax liabilities. Based on a sample of 11,121 firm‐years from 2003 to 2013, we find that the deterrent effect of the probability that a firm's taxable income understatement will be detected and lead to heavy penalties is significantly undermined if the board is politically connected. To enhance our analysis, we use opportunities for income shifting, the most likely mechanism through which Chinese firms avoid taxes on an ongoing basis, to illustrate how connected boards exert power to unwind the constraining effect of tax enforcement. Overall, our results suggest that a board's ties to politicians can be a significant challenge to the effective enforcement of tax compliance in a politically controlled economy. Les liens politiques affaiblissent‐ils l'efficacité avec laquelle est appliquée la loi fiscale ? Les auteurs se demandent si les liens qu'entretiennent les conseils d'administration avec les acteurs politiques affaiblissent l'efficacité des autorités fiscales dans leur lutte contre l’évitement fiscal en Chine. Ils utilisent un ensemble exclusif de données afin d’évaluer l'efficacité de l'application de la loi fiscale dans le temps, selon le lieu géographique, notamment la probabilité d'un audit de l'impôt sur le revenu, les compétences des représentants des autorités fiscales et les conséquences de la sous‐estimation des passifs d'impôt déclarés. L’étude d'un échantillon de 11 121 entreprises‐années au cours de la période s’échelonnant de 2003 à 2013 les amène à constater que l'effet dissuasif de la probabilité que la sous‐évaluation du revenu imposable d'une entreprise soit décelée et entraîne de lourdes pénalités est sensiblement affaiblie si le conseil entretient des liens politiques. Pour affiner leur analyse, les auteurs utilisent les occasions de transfert de revenu—le mécanisme le plus susceptible d’être utilisé par les entreprises chinoises pour éviter systématiquement l'impôt—afin d'illustrer comment les conseils d'administration qui entretiennent des liens politiques exercent leur pouvoir de manière à échapper aux contraintes de l'observation fiscale. Globalement, les résultats de l’étude donnent à penser que les liens des conseils d'administration avec les acteurs politiques peuvent être un obstacle important à l'application efficace de la loi fiscale dans une économie politiquement contrôlée.

Suggested Citation

  • Kenny Z. Lin & Lillian F. Mills & Fang Zhang & Yongbo Li, 2018. "Do Political Connections Weaken Tax Enforcement Effectiveness?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(4), pages 1941-1972, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:1941-1972
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12360
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