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The Effect of Tax Preparation Expenses for Employees: Evidence from Germany

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  • Kay Blaufus
  • Frank Hechtner
  • Axel Möhlmann

Abstract

Using a panel of German income tax accounting data from taxpayers with no business income (employees), we find a negative relationship between tax preparation expenses and tax liabilities. However, preparation expenses are shown to exceed estimated tax savings. Specifically, one additional Euro spent on preparation yields an estimated tax savings of 72 cents in an OLS regression and 24 cents in a fixed effects regression. In addition, we observe substantial heterogeneity in tax savings among income groups, but even if we account for long†term tax savings, tax liability reductions exceed tax preparation expenses only for the highest income quintile. In all other income quintiles, average preparation expenses exceed the estimated tax and time savings. Based on these results, we also examine whether other specific benefits affect an individual's decision to purchase tax preparation services, and the results indicate the importance of the benefits of coping with complexity and reduced uncertainty. Overall, our findings illustrate that the current tax compliance process violates at least two of Adam Smith's principles of taxation, taxes are neither certain nor fair.À partir d'un ensemble de données allemandes relatives à la comptabilisation de l'impôt sur le revenu de contribuables salariés (ne recevant pas de revenu d'entreprise), les auteurs notent l'existence d'une relation négative entre les frais de préparation des déclarations fiscales et les obligations fiscales. Ils constatent toutefois que les frais de préparation excèdent les économies fiscales estimées. Plus précisément, un euro supplémentaire dévolu à la préparation des déclarations fiscales produit une économie fiscale estimative de 72 cents, selon une régression des MCO, et de 24 cents, selon une régression à effets fixes. De plus, les auteurs observent une hétérogénéité importante des économies fiscales entre les tranches de revenu, mais même lorsqu'ils tiennent compte des économies fiscales à long terme, les réductions des impôts à payer excèdent les frais de préparation des déclarations seulement pour le quintile de revenu supérieur. Dans tous les autres quintiles de revenu, les frais de préparation moyens excèdent les économies estimatives d'impôt et de temps. En s'appuyant sur ces résultats, les auteurs vérifient également si d'autres avantages particuliers influent sur la décision d'un contribuable d'acheter des services de préparation de déclarations fiscales, ce qui les amène à apprécier l'importance des avantages de la gestion de la complexité et de la réduction de l'incertitude. Dans l'ensemble, les conclusions des auteurs illustrent le fait que le processus actuel de conformité fiscale transgresse au moins deux des principes d'Adam Smith en matière fiscale : les impôts ne sont ni certains ni justes.

Suggested Citation

  • Kay Blaufus & Frank Hechtner & Axel Möhlmann, 2017. "The Effect of Tax Preparation Expenses for Employees: Evidence from Germany," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(1), pages 525-554, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:34:y:2017:i:1:p:525-554
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12240
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    Cited by:

    1. Blesse, Sebastian & Buhlmann, Florian & Doerrenberg, Philipp, 2019. "Do people really want a simple tax system? Evidence on preferences towards income tax simplification," ZEW Discussion Papers 19-058, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    2. Kühne, Daniela, 2020. "Reaction to ambiguity as a signal for tax reporting aggressiveness: Evidence from German income tax return data," Passauer Diskussionspapiere, Betriebswirtschaftliche Reihe B-44-20, University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    3. Lisa Frey, 2018. "Tax certified individual auditors and effective tax rates," Business Research, Springer;German Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 11(1), pages 77-114, February.
    4. Kay Blaufus & Jakob Reineke & Ilko Trenn, 2023. "Perceived tax audit aggressiveness, tax control frameworks and tax planning: an empirical analysis," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 93(3), pages 509-557, April.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • H31 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Household

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