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The Timeliness of the Bond Market Reaction to Bad Earnings News

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  • Mark L. Defond
  • Jieying Zhang

Abstract

We find that bond price quotes impound bad earnings news on a more timely basis than good earnings news and that the bond market impounds bad news on a more timely basis than the stock market. We also find that the timeliness of the bond market reaction to bad news is concentrated primarily among speculative†grade bonds, consistent with earnings news having a larger effect on bond price quotes when default risk is high. In addition, we find that a portion of the bad news impounded by the bond market reverses following the earnings announcement. Overall, our findings are consistent with bondholders’ asymmetric payoff function having important implications for the valuation role of accounting information in the bond market. Specifically, our findings indicate that bond quotes impound bad earnings news much earlier in the pre†earnings announcement period than stock prices. In addition, bondholders appear to overreact to the bad earnings news initially and correct this overreaction subsequent to the earnings announcement.

Suggested Citation

  • Mark L. Defond & Jieying Zhang, 2014. "The Timeliness of the Bond Market Reaction to Bad Earnings News," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(3), pages 911-936, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:31:y:2014:i:3:p:911-936
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12050
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    Cited by:

    1. Isakin, Maksim & Pu, Xiaoling, 2023. "Dispersion in news sentiment and corporate bond returns," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    2. Montgomery, William & Raza, Ahmad & Ülkü, Numan, 2019. "Tests of technical trading rules and the 52-week high strategy in the corporate bond market," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 85-103.
    3. Lifang Li & Valentina Galvani, 2021. "Informed Trading and Momentum in the Corporate Bond Market [Asset pricing with liquidity risk]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 25(6), pages 1773-1816.
    4. Suyon Kim, 2023. "Internal Control Managers’ Accounting Experiences on Audit Quality—Focus on ESG," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-14, April.
    5. Nicole Thorne Jenkins & Michael D. Kimbrough & Juan Wang, 2016. "The extent of informational efficiency in the credit default swap market: evidence from post-earnings announcement returns," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 46(4), pages 725-761, May.
    6. James Ming Chen, 2017. "Systematic Risk in the Macrocosm," Quantitative Perspectives on Behavioral Economics and Finance, in: Econophysics and Capital Asset Pricing, chapter 0, pages 239-274, Palgrave Macmillan.
    7. Paul A. Griffin & David H. Lont & Kurt Purdon, 2021. "Stock and Bond Return Comovement as a Different Way to Assess Information Content: The Case of Debt Covenant Violation Disclosures," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 57(1), pages 101-125, March.
    8. S. P. Kothari & Charles Wasley, 2019. "Commemorating the 50‐Year Anniversary of Ball and Brown (1968): The Evolution of Capital Market Research over the Past 50 Years," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(5), pages 1117-1159, December.
    9. Dan Givoly & Carla Hayn & Sharon Katz, 2017. "The changing relevance of accounting information to debt holders over time," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 64-108, March.
    10. Wang, Qingxia & Faff, Robert & Zhu, Min, 2022. "Realized moments and the cross-sectional stock returns around earnings announcements," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 408-427.
    11. Rhodes, Meredith E. & Mason, Joseph R., 2023. "ETF ownership and firm-specific information in corporate bond returns," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    12. Khalil, Samer & Mansi, Sattar & Mazboudi, Mohamad & Zhang, Andrew (Jianzhong), 2019. "Information asymmetry and the wealth appropriation effect in the bond market: Evidence from late disclosures," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 49-61.
    13. Hossain, Ashrafee T. & Masum, Abdullah-Al & Xu, Jian, 2023. "COVID-19, a blessing in disguise for the Tech sector: Evidence from stock price crash risk," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    14. Even-Tov, Omri, 2017. "When does the bond price reaction to earnings announcements predict future stock returns?," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(1), pages 167-182.
    15. Shijiao Cao & Jianqiong Wang, 2023. "Longitudinal accounting comparability and bond credit spreads: Evidence from China," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(2), pages 1953-1981, June.
    16. Kun Tracy Wang & Nathan Zhenghang Zhu, 2023. "Conditional Mandates on Management Earnings Forecasts: The Impact on the Cost of Debt," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 59(4), pages 901-953, December.
    17. Aly Zaher, Noha & Mohamed, Ehab K.A. & Basuony, Mohamed A.K., 2020. "The effect of timely loss recognition and accrual quality on corporate bond spread: The influence of legal and financial institutions," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    18. Pervaiz Alam & Xiaoling Pu & Barry Hettler, 2018. "The sensitivity of the credit default swap market to financial analysts’ forecast revisions," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 58(3), pages 697-725, September.
    19. Melissa Woodley & Peter DaDalt & John R. Wingender, 2020. "The price and volume response to earnings announcements in the corporate bond market," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 55(4), pages 669-696, November.
    20. Sadok El Ghoul & Omrane Guedhami & Sattar A. Mansi & Oumar Sy, 2023. "Event studies in international finance research," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 54(2), pages 344-364, March.
    21. James Ming Chen, 2017. "Econophysics and Capital Asset Pricing," Quantitative Perspectives on Behavioral Economics and Finance, Palgrave Macmillan, number 978-3-319-63465-4, February.
    22. Ederington, Louis & Guan, Wei & Yang, Lisa (Zongfei), 2015. "Bond market event study methods," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 281-293.
    23. Abad, Pilar & Ferreras, Rodrigo & Robles, M.-Dolores, 2020. "Information opacity and corporate bond returns: The dynamics of split ratings," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).

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