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Relationship Between Level of Formal Reasoning and Students' Performance in Accounting Examinations

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  • STUART H. JONES
  • RONALD A. DAVIDSON

Abstract

. This study tests the theory that students' performance on different types of examination questions is related to their level of formal reasoning ability, where formal reasoning refers to their ability to solve different types of problems. The theory of formal reasoning is based on Piaget's theory that the ability to solve problems is related to the maturation process. Piaget argued that young children can solve only the most straightforward types of problems and are not capable of solving complex problems simply because their minds have not developed sufficiently. With maturation, more complex types of problems can be solved. To measure the formal reasoning level of intermediate accounting students, we used an instrument developed by Piaget. Then, we related this level to the marks they received on examinations in several accounting courses. On examination questions that involve only straightforward types of problems, students performed equally well, regardless of their formal reasoning level, but students with higher levels of formal reasoning ability performed significantly better on questions that involve more difficult types of problems. The paper concludes by suggesting that accounting examinations should include more questions that require the use of higher reasoning skills if the accounting profession is to attract more students who have higher levels of reasoning ability. Résumé. Les auteurs testent la théorie voulant que la performance des étudiants qui répondent à différentes formes de questions d'examen soit reliée à leur capacité de raisonnement structuré, l'expression ≪ raisonnement structuré ≫ désignant leur capacité de résoudre différentes catégories de problèmes. La théorie du raisonnement structuré se fonde sur la théorie de Piaget selon laquelle la capacité de résoudre des problèmes est reliée au processus de développement. Selon Piaget, les jeunes enfants ne peuvent résoudre que les problèmes les plus simples et sont incapables de résoudre des problèmes complexes, du simple fait que leur intelligence n'est pas suffisamment développée. Avec le développement de l'intelligence, il devient donc possible de résoudre des problèmes de nature plus complexe. Les auteurs utilisent un instrument mis au point par Piaget pour mesurer la capacité de raisonnement structuré des étudiants des cours de comptabilité intermédiaire et relient cette capacité aux notes qu'obtiennent les étudiants aux examens, dans plusieurs cours de comptabilité. Les résultats révèlent que les questions d'examen qui ne font intervenir que des problèmes simples sont résolues aussi bien par tous les étudiants, peu importe leur capacité de raisonnement structuré, mais que la performance des étudiants ayant une capacité de raisonnement structuré supérieure est significativement meilleure lorsque les questions font intervenir des problèmes plus difficiles. Les auteurs concluent par une suggestion: les examens de comptabilité devraient comporter davantage de questions exigeant des facultés de raisonnement supérieures si l'on souhaite que la profession comptable attire une plus grande population d'étudiants possédant une capacité de raisonnement supérieure.

Suggested Citation

  • Stuart H. Jones & Ronald A. Davidson, 1995. "Relationship Between Level of Formal Reasoning and Students' Performance in Accounting Examinations," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(1), pages 163-181, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:12:y:1995:i:1:p:163-181
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1911-3846.1995.tb00485.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Wolcott, Susan K. & Sargent, Matthew J., 2021. "Critical thinking in accounting education: Status and call to action," Journal of Accounting Education, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    2. Ronald Davidson & Susan Slotnick & David Waldman, 2000. "Using linguistic performance to measure problem-solving," Accounting Education, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(1), pages 53-66.

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