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Supply chain competition and the welfare effects of partial ownership

Author

Listed:
  • Changying Li
  • Yue Li
  • Larry D. Qiu

Abstract

We study the competition and welfare effects of upstream partial ownerships (UPO) in a framework with two competing supply chains and downstream firms choosing their product positionings strategically. We find that UPO reduces downstream product differentiation and thus intensifies downstream competition. Unlike the standard results of Bertrand competition, we find that downstream prices can be strategic substitutes even when downstream firms compete in Bertrand fashion. More importantly, we show that UPO increases consumer surplus and social welfare, even when double marginalization increases downstream prices. The competition and welfare results from downstream partial ownerships (DPO) are just the opposite to those from UPO. Our findings have clear managerial and policy implications. Concurrence dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement et effets de la propriété partielle sur le bien‐être. Nous étudions les effets de la propriété partielle (PP) en amont sur la concurrence et le bien‐être dans un cadre où deux chaînes d'approvisionnement sont en concurrence et où les entreprises en aval choisissent stratégiquement le positionnement de leurs produits. Nous montrons que la PP en amont réduit la différenciation des produits en aval, ce qui intensifie la concurrence en aval. Contrairement aux résultats classiques associés à la concurrence de Bertrand, nous constatons que les prix en aval peuvent être des substituts stratégiques, même lorsque les entreprises en aval se livrent à une concurrence de Bertrand. Plus important encore, nous montrons que la PP en amont accroît le surplus des consommateurs ainsi que le bien‐être collectif, y compris dans les cas où la double marginalisation entraîne une hausse des prix en aval. À l'inverse, les effets d'une PP en aval sur la concurrence et le bien‐être sont diamétralement opposés à ceux de la PP en amont. Ces résultats apportent un éclairage utile aux gestionnaires d'entreprises et aux décideurs publics.

Suggested Citation

  • Changying Li & Yue Li & Larry D. Qiu, 2026. "Supply chain competition and the welfare effects of partial ownership," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 59(2), pages 692-716, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:59:y:2026:i:2:p:692-716
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.70057
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