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Viewpoint: Housing supply and housing affordability in Canada

Author

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  • Nathaniel Baum‐Snow
  • Aled ab Iorwerth
  • James Macek

Abstract

Since 2000, housing markets across Canada have experienced growth rates in prices that far exceed corresponding rates of household income growth. However, rents have grown at similar rates to household incomes. In the 2015–24 period, immigration has been a central booster of housing demand and population growth, compensating for declining birth rates. Annual per capita housing unit new construction rates have grown slightly, to about 0.0075 across all types of markets for 1991–2024, even as Canada's population boomed in 2023–24, with the composition shifting markedly from single‐family homes to multifamily structures. Purpose‐built rental construction has recently risen from very low levels. To understand these patterns, we consider local regulatory environments and infrastructure provision, rental housing supports, sources of housing demand growth, and Canada's macroprudential regulatory institutions and environment. Point de vue : le logement au Canada – offre et abordabilité Depuis 2000, la hausse des prix sur les marchés de l'habitation au Canada dépasse largement celle des revenus des ménages. Cependant, les loyers ont augmenté à un rythme semblable à celui des revenus des ménages. De 2015 à 2024, l'immigration a constitué un moteur majeur de la demande en logement et de la croissance de la population, compensant le déclin des naissances. Les taux annuels de construction de logements neufs par habitant ont légèrement augmenté pour atteindre environ 0,0075 entre 1991 et 2024, tous types de marchés confondus, y compris durant le boom démographique de 2023–2024, avec un changement marqué dans la composition de l'offre, des maisons individuelles vers les habitations multifamiliales. La construction de logements locatifs est récemment repartie à la hausse, après être demeurée à des niveaux très faibles. Pour comprendre ces tendances, nous prenons en compte les contextes réglementaires et l'offre d'infrastructures, le soutien au logement locatif, les sources de croissance de la demande de logements, ainsi que le contexte et les organismes de réglementation macroprudentielle du Canada.

Suggested Citation

  • Nathaniel Baum‐Snow & Aled ab Iorwerth & James Macek, 2026. "Viewpoint: Housing supply and housing affordability in Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 59(1), pages 4-41, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:59:y:2026:i:1:p:4-41
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.70054
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