Author
Listed:
- Ivan G. Lopez Cruz
- Gustavo Torrens
Abstract
This paper develops a model of colonial wars and trade restrictions, in which two metropolises compete for control over a colony's trade policy. In equilibrium, the metropolis that gains control can improve its terms of trade by restricting its rival's access to colonial trade. However, implementing these restrictions often affects trade between the two metropolises themselves. Three equilibrium outcomes can arise: (i) peace with free trade, when both metropolises value trade with each other above colonial trade; (ii) war with exclusive colonial trade, when both prefer colonial trade to mutual trade; or (iii) war with either free or exclusive colonial trade, depending on whether the victor prioritizes trade with its rival over colonial trade. The model captures central features of the mercantilist era—rapid expansion of overseas commerce, colonial conflicts, and restrictive trade policies—and provides insights into the eventual decline of mercantilism. Guerres coloniales et restrictions commerciales : lutte pour des droits commerciaux exclusifs. Cet article élabore un modèle de guerres coloniales et de restrictions commerciales, dans lequel deux métropoles rivalisent pour le contrôle de la politique commerciale d'une colonie. À l'équilibre, la métropole qui obtient le contrôle peut améliorer ses termes de l'échange en restreignant l'accès de son rival au commerce colonial. Cependant, la mise en œuvre de ces restrictions affecte souvent le commerce entre les deux métropoles elles‐mêmes. Trois résultats d'équilibre peuvent survenir : (i) la paix avec le libre‐échange, lorsque les deux métropoles accordent plus d'importance au commerce entre elles qu'au commerce colonial; (ii) la guerre avec un commerce colonial exclusif, lorsque les deux préfèrent le commerce colonial au commerce mutuel; ou (iii) la guerre avec le libre‐échange ou un commerce colonial exclusif, selon que le vainqueur privilégie le commerce avec son rival par rapport au commerce colonial. Le modèle saisit les caractéristiques essentielles de l'ère mercantiliste – expansion rapide du commerce outre‐mer, conflits coloniaux et politiques commerciales restrictives – et offre un éclairage sur le déclin éventuel du mercantilisme.
Suggested Citation
Ivan G. Lopez Cruz & Gustavo Torrens, 2026.
"Colonial wars and trade restrictions: Fighting for exclusive trading rights,"
Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 59(1), pages 391-418, February.
Handle:
RePEc:wly:canjec:v:59:y:2026:i:1:p:391-418
DOI: 10.1111/caje.70044
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