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Traditional Indigenous foodways and retail subsidies: Evidence from the Northwest Territories Community Survey and Nutrition North Canada

Author

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  • Bela Georgiev
  • Nicholas Li

Abstract

Traditional foods (often referred to as “country foods”) play a critical role in Indigenous culture, nutrition, food sovereignty and food security. Policies that prioritize store‐bought food are often viewed as undermining these foods. We provide evidence that two recent policy reforms that subsidize store‐bought food in the Northwest Territories do not appear to negatively impact traditional foods. Our analysis uses community surveys conducted in the Northwest Territories that measure the importance of consumption and production of traditional country food along several margins. Using a difference‐in‐differences methodology, we show that two transitions associated with the Nutrition North Canada subsidy program—the transition from Food Mail to Nutrition North from 2011 to 2012 and the expansion of subsidy eligibility to new communities in 2016—had a zero or positive impact on these outcomes. We use price and quantity data from multiple sources to provide evidence on mechanisms and find support for an interpretation based on country foods having a high income elasticity and low substitutability with store‐bought meat and other foods. Pratiques alimentaires autochtones et subventions au commerce de détail : données probantes d'enquêtes communautaires aux Territoires du Nord‐Ouest et de Nutrition Nord Canada. Les aliments traditionnels (aussi nommés « aliments prélevés dans la nature ») jouent un rôle essentiel dans la culture, la nutrition, ainsi que la souveraineté et la sécurité alimentaire des peuples autochtones. Les politiques qui donnent la priorité aux aliments achetés en magasin sont souvent considérées comme une menace pour ces aliments. Nous démontrons que deux réformes politiques récentes qui subventionnent les aliments achetés en magasin aux Territoires du Nord‐Ouest ne semblent pas avoir d'effet négatif sur les aliments traditionnels. Notre analyse s'appuie sur des enquêtes communautaires menées dans les Territoires du Nord‐Ouest qui mesurent l'importance de la consommation et de la production d'aliments traditionnels selon plusieurs critères. À l'aide de la méthode des doubles différences, nous montrons que deux transitions en lien avec le programme de subvention Nutrition Nord Canada ‐ la transition du Programme d'approvisionnement alimentaire par la poste à Nutrition Nord en 2011‐2012 et l'expansion de l'admissibilité aux subventions à de nouvelles communautés en 2016 ‐ ont eu une incidence nulle ou positive sur ces résultats. Nous utilisons des données sur les prix et les quantités provenant de plusieurs sources pour étayer les mécanismes à l'œuvre, et nos résultats appuient une interprétation selon laquelle les aliments traditionnels ont une élasticité‐revenu élevée et une faible substituabilité avec la viande et les autres aliments achetés en magasin.

Suggested Citation

  • Bela Georgiev & Nicholas Li, 2026. "Traditional Indigenous foodways and retail subsidies: Evidence from the Northwest Territories Community Survey and Nutrition North Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 59(1), pages 106-136, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:59:y:2026:i:1:p:106-136
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.70052
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