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Employment protection, temporary and permanent employment share, and procyclicality of labour productivity

Author

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  • Kuan‐Jen Chen
  • Ching‐Chong Lai
  • Ting‐Wei Lai

Abstract

Using data from 32 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries, we find that the extent of the procyclicality of average labour productivity (ALP) differs significantly across countries, and is positively correlated with the strictness of employment protection. To account for this salient feature, we build up a theoretical model in which aggregate employment is divided into temporary and permanent categories; the two groups of employment are highly substitutable in production and the latter is subject to firing costs. Our numerical results suggest that in our model the intensity of labour firing costs, which characterizes the strictness of employment protection in OECD countries, has positive effects on both the procyclicality of ALP and the share of temporary employment. Moreover, considering the possibility of hiring different types of workers as short‐term substitutes contributes to a reduction in the relative volatility between output and aggregate hours worked, and hence a sharp decline in the procyclicality of ALP. The model can also explain why, with a higher intensity of labour firing costs, a firm has more incentives to hoard less productive redundant workers when the economy experiences a negative total factor productivity shock. Protection de l'emploi, part des emplois temporaires et permanents et procyclicité de la productivité du travail. En utilisant des données provenant de 32 pays de l'OCDE, nous constatons que l'ampleur de la procyclicité de la productivité moyenne du travail (PMT) diffère considérablement d'un pays à l'autre et qu'elle est en corrélation positive avec la rigueur de la protection de l'emploi. Pour tenir compte de cette particularité, nous construisons un modèle théorique dans lequel l'emploi global est divisé en catégories temporaires et permanentes; les deux groupes d'emploi sont hautement substituables dans la production, et le second comporte des coûts de licenciement. Nos résultats numériques suggèrent que, dans notre modèle, le niveau des coûts de licenciement, qui caractérise la rigueur de la protection de l'emploi dans les pays de l'OCDE, a des effets positifs à la fois sur la procyclicité de la PMT et sur la part de l'emploi temporaire. De plus, la prise en compte de la possibilité d'embaucher différents types de travailleurs en tant que substituts à court terme contribue à réduire la volatilité relative entre la production et le nombre total d'heures travaillées, et donc à diminuer fortement la procyclicité de la PMT. Le modèle peut également expliquer pourquoi, si les coûts de licenciement de la main‐d'œuvre sont élevés, une entreprise a plus intérêt à conserver des travailleurs excédentaires peu productifs lorsque l'économie subit un choc négatif de productivité totale des facteurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Kuan‐Jen Chen & Ching‐Chong Lai & Ting‐Wei Lai, 2025. "Employment protection, temporary and permanent employment share, and procyclicality of labour productivity," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 58(4), pages 1417-1469, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:58:y:2025:i:4:p:1417-1469
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.70031
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