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How importers hedge demand uncertainty through dual sourcing and safety inventory

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  • Chris Muris
  • Horst Raff
  • Nicolas Schmitt
  • Frank Stähler

Abstract

We develop a dynamic model of inventory and trade to study how an importer may hedge demand uncertainty when importing involves an order lead time. We show that when the import cost is low, the importer optimally holds safety inventory (i.e., inventory of imported goods in excess of expected sales) to deal with demand surges. As the import cost rises, the firm switches from safety inventory to dual sourcing (i.e., to covering demand surges through quickly available but expensive domestic supplies while using imports for base‐level demand). The endogenous adjustment of the hedging strategy implies that the volume of inventory and imports falls by more than expected sales as the import cost rises. This effect is magnified by an increase in demand uncertainty. Comment les importateurs couvrent l'incertitude de la demande par un double approvisionnement et une réserve de sécurité. Nous élaborons un modèle dynamique de gestion des stocks et du commerce pour étudier la façon dont les importateurs peuvent se protéger contre l'incertitude lorsque l'importation comporte un délai de commande. Nous montrons que lorsque le coût des importations est faible, l'importateur constitue de façon optimale une réserve de sécurité : les stocks de biens importés excèdent les ventes prévues afin de faire face aux hausses de la demande. Lorsque le coût des importations augmente, l'entreprise passe d'une réserve de sécurité au double approvisionnement : elle couvre les hausses soudaines de la demande par un approvisionnement national rapide mais coûteux, tout en utilisant les biens importés pour la demande de base. L'ajustement endogène de la stratégie de couverture indique que le volume des stocks et des importations diminue davantage que les ventes prévues lorsque le coût des importations augmente. Cet effet est amplifié par une augmentation de l'incertitude de la demande.

Suggested Citation

  • Chris Muris & Horst Raff & Nicolas Schmitt & Frank Stähler, 2025. "How importers hedge demand uncertainty through dual sourcing and safety inventory," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 58(3), pages 1055-1069, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:58:y:2025:i:3:p:1055-1069
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.70019
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