What are the Principles of Sustainability that Contribute to the Development of a Green City? Arguments, Approaches and Solutions of Current Research

As the population in cities continues to escalate, and environmental problems worsen, it is clear that green cities need to be produced, and we must produce them sustainably. The green city is a city with sustainable application of ecological practice and community prosperity, where green systems, renewable energy systems and efficient transportation, and proper waste control are all implemented to green the city. This paper explores the concept of green cities from essential elements, economic implications, implementation challenges as well as future prospects. Besides that, it highlights the importance of smart technologies, green buildings ideas, circular economy principles and social inclusivity in urban spaces design through an environmentally and socially sustainable way. Illustrated are green city models which can be adapted from cities like Copenhagen, Singapore, and Curitiba to green cities and to learn from each other. The paper further discusses the huge hurdles against green city projects including political resistance, financial constraints and infrastructure constraints as well as how to solve them. However, the future of green cities shall hinge upon the capacity of adaptation of these cities to the effects of climate change together with other effects and issues, the degree of resilience these cities could foster to counteract these impacts and eventual changes in the populace and urban management, and at the same time, how these cities would make use of newly developed technologies in building a setting that embodies sustainability, inclusivity, thriving and well beyond the objective to simply be sustainable. Ultimately however, the cities will become green spaces and ultimately become a major intervention in the development of a more environmentally and comfortable settlement of cities for the urban population of the world. For the bibliometric analysis, in this study VOSviewer was used to obtain the visualization of the keyword cooccurrence to identify key research trends, which provides a new insight into the study area.