The prevalence of pulmonary diseases in the population of Shkodra in the years 2021-2023 and the influencing factors

Pulmonary diseases are ranked fourth for the high mortality rate, after those tumoral, cardiological or even strokes, which immediately lead to the fatal loss of life. Smoking is listed among the main causes of pulmonary diseases. In addition, another risk factor is air pollution. The main air pollutants are: Carbon monoxide, CO, Dioxide of carbon CO2, Sulfur dioxide SO2, Nitrogen dioxide NO2, fine particles PM, Ozone level O3, Volatile organic compounds (VOC, Lead (Pb)). Pollution can irritate the lungs and lead to their destruction, so it is advisable to live in an environment away from dust and smoke. Other risk factors include chemicals and infections. In Albania, an increase in the number of women affected by smoking is observed. Referring to recent studies conducted on this issue, they show that about 30-40% of Albanians are allergic, while 3% of the population suffers because of asthma. Some of the symptoms of this disease are obstructions in breathing, tightness in the chest or even cough with secretions. Cancer can lie dormant for 20 years and afterwards it may appear. Environmental pollution, genetic transmission, lung infections and smoking are the most common causes of lung cancer. The main pulmonary diseases that affect the citizens of Shkodra are: TB, COPD, Pneumonia, Bronchopneumonia, Pleural effusion, Bronchial asthma, TEP thromboembolism, TU Pneumonia, Bilateral Bronchitis, Diffuse Bronchitis, Hemoptysis, Pulmonary Edema. The presence of green spaces promotes the connection with nature and it can therefore lead to better human well-being. The presence of greenery reduces stress, respiratory diseases, heart diseases as well as helps in connecting with nature. This study is carried out in the infectious disease department of the Regional Hospital of Shkodra from 2021-2023. The results of this study serve as evidence that sheds light on the high prevalence of touch from pulmonary diseases in hospitalized patients in the district of Shkodra. External factors and internal factors must be evident in order for people to become aware of their health problems and to take care in order to prevent the occurrence of these very dangerous diseases.