The Role Of Financial Inclusion In Reducing Social Vulnerability In The Republic Of Moldova

The paper examines practical ways to strengthen the scientific and methodological foundation for reducing social vulnerability by expanding financial inclusion among low-income groups in the Republic of Moldova. A key element of the study is the introduction of the “financial inclusion threshold†, understood as the minimum income level and economic autonomy required for meaningful participation in the formal financial system. The research aims to highlight the main difficulties faced by vulnerable groups in accessing and using financial services and to identify instruments tailored to their needs. The analysis combines statistical data on demographics and pensions with a comparative review of savings products designed for seniors, as well as social and digital inclusion programs. Preliminary results show that elderly people, rural households, and informal workers encounter significant barriers such as insufficient income, limited financial literacy, and poor access to digital infrastructure. As a response, the paper proposes an Integrated Financial Package for Seniors, including preferential savings accounts, socially guaranteed microloans, multifunctional social cards, and tailored health insurance, all supported by continuous financial education programs.