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The Effects of Banking Competition on Growth and Financial Stability: Evidence from the National Banking Era

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  • Mark Carlson
  • Sergio Correia
  • Stephan Luck

Abstract

How does banking competition affect credit provision and growth? How does it affect financial stability? In order to identify the causal effects of banking competition, we exploit a discontinuity in bank capital requirements during the nineteenth-century National Banking Era. We show that banks operating in markets with lower entry barriers extend more credit. The resulting credit expansion, in turn, is associated with additional real economic activity. However, banks in markets with lower entry barriers also take more risk and are more likely to default. Thus, we provide causal evidence that banking competition can cause both growth and financial instability.

Suggested Citation

  • Mark Carlson & Sergio Correia & Stephan Luck, 2022. "The Effects of Banking Competition on Growth and Financial Stability: Evidence from the National Banking Era," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 130(2), pages 462-520.
  • Handle: RePEc:ucp:jpolec:doi:10.1086/717453
    DOI: 10.1086/717453
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    Cited by:

    1. Thornton, John & Vasilakis, Chrysovalantis, 2023. "Bank regulations and surges and stops in credit: Panel evidence," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    2. Correia, Sergio & Luck, Stephan, 2023. "Digitizing historical balance sheet data: A practitioner’s guide," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    3. Buch, Claudia M. & Eickmeier, Sandra & Prieto, Esteban, 2022. "Banking deregulation, macroeconomic dynamics and monetary policy," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    4. Anne Duquerroy & Adrien Matray & Farzad Saidi, 2022. "Tracing Banks' Credit Allocation to their Funding Costs," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 150, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
    5. Dan Costin NIȚESCU & Cristian ANGHEL, 2022. "International banking, crises and strategic interests," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania - AGER, vol. 0(2(631), S), pages 5-24, Summer.
    6. Lai, Shaojie & Chen, Lihan & Wang, Qing Sophie & Anderson, Hamish D., 2023. "Bank competition and corporate employment: Evidence from the geographic distribution of bank branches in China," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    7. Miguel Cantillo, 2023. "Imperfect bank competition, borrower adverse selection, and the transmission of monetary policy," Working Papers 202301, Universidad de Costa Rica, revised Mar 2023.
    8. Carlos Cañón & Jorge Florez-Acosta & Karoll Gómez, 2023. "The effects of two-way lending between financial conglomerates in bilateral repo markets," Borradores de Economia 1246, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    9. Wajahat Azmi & Zaheer Anwer & Mohsin Ali & Shamsher Mohamad, 2024. "Competition, stability, and institutional environment: The case of dual banking economies," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(1), pages 609-631, January.

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