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Militarization and the Environment: A Panel Study of Carbon Dioxide Emissions and the Ecological Footprints of Nations, 1970-2000

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  • Andrew K. Jorgenson

    (Andrew K. Jorgenson is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Utah. His comparative international research on society/nature relationships appears in Social Forces, Social Problems, International Sociology as well as many other journals and scholarly outlets. He is co-editor of the Journal of World-Systems Research as well as guest editor for special issues of Human Ecology Review and the International Journal of Comparative Sociology.)

  • Brett Clark

    (Brett Clark is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at North Carolina State University. He is the author, along with John Bellamy Foster and Richard York, of Critique of Intelligent Design: Materialism versus Creationism from Antiquity to the Present (Monthly Review Press, 2008). His recent publications include: "Carbon Metabolism: Global Capitalism, Climate Change, and the Biospheric Rift," coauthored with Richard York, Theory and Society (2005); and "Ecological Imperialism and the Global Metabolic Rift: Unequal Exchange and the Guano/Nitrates Trade," co-authored with John Bellamy Foster, International Journal of Comparative Sociology (2009).)

  • Jeffrey Kentor

    (Jeffrey Kentor is Professor and Chair of Sociology at the University of Utah, Editor of the International Journal of Comparative Sociology, and the 2009-2010 Chair of the Political Economy of the World System (PEWS) section of the American Sociological Association. His current research focuses on the impact of globalization on inequality, corruption, and political violence. Recent articles include, "Globalization, Development, and International Migration: A Cross-National Analysis of Less-Developed Countries, 1970-2000." (with Matthew Sanderson, forthcoming in Social Forces); "Bringing the Military Back in: Military Expenditures and Economic Growth 1990 to 2003." (with Edward Kick, Journal of World Systems Research, 2008); "Foreign Investment Dependence and the Environment: A Global Perspective" in Edward Kick and Andrew Jorgenson (eds.) Globalization and the Environment (with Peter Grimes, 2006); and "Foreign Capital Dependence and Development: A New Direction" (with Terry Boswell, American Sociological Review, 2003).)

Abstract

The authors situate treadmill of destruction theory in a comparative international perspective to assess the environmental impacts of national militaries. Results of cross-national panel models indicate that high-tech militarization in the form of expenditures per soldier contribute to the scale and intensity of carbon dioxide emissions as well as the per capita ecological footprints of nations. Likewise, all three of these environmental outcomes are positively associated with military participation in the context of the number of soldiers relative to the size of domestic populations. Overall, the findings support the proposed theorization and highlight the need for social scientists to consider the environmental and ecological consequences of nations' militaries, regardless of whether or not they are engaged in conflicts. (c) 2010 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew K. Jorgenson & Brett Clark & Jeffrey Kentor, 2010. "Militarization and the Environment: A Panel Study of Carbon Dioxide Emissions and the Ecological Footprints of Nations, 1970-2000," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, vol. 10(1), pages 7-29, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:tpr:glenvp:v:10:y:2010:i:1:p:7-29
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