New Economic Phenomena: Financing Consumption And Savings In The Transition To An Expectation Economy

In the 21st century, the world is experiencing profound structural changes that intensify social and economiccontradictions. Alongside evident global challenges, such as climate change and the technological revolution, new formsof inequality are emerging that significantly influence the philosophy of financing consumption and accumulation. The rapiddevelopment of artificial intelligence and automation is transforming the labor market by reducing the demand for humanlabor in production and service sectors, which leads to increasing unemployment and job instability. These processesintensify people’s dependence on debt-based financial instruments, where debt becomes not merely a temporary solutionbut also a normative element of economic behavior and survival.At the same time, a digital and social divide is expanding among population groups. Technologically advanced urbancommunities gain greater access to resources and opportunities for growth, while vulnerable groups, particularly in ruralareas, face limited access to education, financing, and employment, thereby reinforcing multidimensional inequalityof opportunities. This article analyzes the interconnections between technological transformations, new forms of labororganization, and financial models of consumption and accumulation, as well as their impact on the social structureof contemporary society. The study also examines investment issues in key sectors of the economy and regionaldevelopment, including the challenges faced by agriculture and rural communities, where a significant share of the globalpopulation still resides.