Analysis of perspectives for using biomethane in the transport sector in Ukraine

Existing and potential risks to energy security make it necessary to seek renewable alternatives to fossil fuels, including for transport. Bioenergy gives such an opportunity, providing a wide range of solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels. For Ukraine’s current conditions, a promising direction may be the introduction of compressed biomethane (bio-CNG) as motor fuel. The purpose of the article is to analyse this option, considering the possible practical models and existing barriers. Methodologically, two concepts have been considered. The “network” concept relies on pipeline-delivered biomethane, delivered through the existing gas transmission and distribution system, to operational filling stations for compressed natural gas. The “local” model envisages the construction of the enterprise’s own refuelling infrastructure near a biomethane production site. The implementation of bio-CNG projects is advisable in a phased approach. At the initial stage, the network model is the most effective. Then, investments in new stationary or mobile filling stations can quickly increase the availability of biomethane for transport and unlock the potential of several biogas sites at once. One application of bio-CNG as a motor fuel in Ukraine is agricultural machinery, particularly tractors running on compressed natural gas.