The Pentahelix Model in the Public Sector: Cooperative or Collaborative?

The pentahelix is a collaborative model involving five actors in government programs: the government, academia, the private sector, the community, and the media. This model is considered more effective than previous approaches—such as the classic hierarchy—that are characterized by government dominance or a top-down structure. A review of articles published on Google Scholar over the past five years regarding pentahelix implementation across various sectors in Indonesia identified 22 articles with the highest citation counts and h-indices. Content analysis of these articles revealed weaknesses in the application of the pentahelix concept. First, the term "collaborative" has not yet captured the positive connotations inherent in its definition; instead, it often implies mere cooperation or routine collaboration. Second, there is a discrepancy between the ideal concept and its implementation in the field; consequently, further adaptations are required to realize the pentahelix model fully.