Evidence-Based Rehabilitation of Knee Injuries: A Review

Background: Knee injuries are one of the most common types of musculoskeletal disorders in athletes and physically active people. They typically lead to pain, joint instability, impairment in function, and delayed return to sports. The recent development in rehabilitation practices has shed light on evidenced-based techniques which involve exercise therapy, neuromuscular training, and rehabilitation technologies. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to present and critically appraise the current evidence concerning rehabilitation protocols in the case of knee injuries, focusing specifically on pain reduction, recovery of range of motion, muscle strengthening, neuromuscular and proprioception rehabilitation, functional recovery, and return to sports. Review: According to the literature, efficient rehabilitation requires the use of an individualized protocol that involves progressive therapeutic exercise and neuromuscular re-education, balance training, functional rehabilitation, and modern technologies of rehabilitation. The latest advances in orthotics, electrical muscle stimulation, and rehabilitation engineering have made the functional recovery even more effective and decreased the possibility of recurrence of injuries. Conclusion: The modern protocols of rehabilitation should focus on the aspect of functional recovery, the use of individual treatment programs, and the best practices in clinical setting. The combination of traditional physiotherapy and modern rehabilitation technologies can be very beneficial for patients.