What Protects the Autonomy of the Federal Statistical Agencies? An Assessment of the Procedures in Place to Protect the Independence and Objectivity of Official U.S. Statistics

We assess the professional autonomy of the 13 principal U.S. federal statistical agencies. We define six components or measures of such autonomy and evaluate each of the 13 principal statistical agencies according to each measure. Our assessment yields three main findings: (a) Challenges to the objectivity, credibility, and utility of federal statistics arise largely as a consequence of insufficient autonomy. (b) There is remarkable variation in autonomy protections and a surprising lack of statutory protections for many agencies for many of the proposed measures. (c) Many existing autonomy rules and guidelines are weakened by unclear or unactionable language. We conclude that a lack of professional autonomy unduly exposes the principal federal statistical agencies to efforts to undermine the objectivity of their products and that agencies cannot completely rebuff these efforts. Our main recommendations are to strengthen the role of the OMB Chief Statistician and to legislate new statutory autonomy protections, including explicit authorization for the principal federal statistical agencies that currently have no recognition in statute. We also recommend periodic assessments of the health of the federal statistical system, including not only autonomy protections and resources, but also how well agencies are satisfying data needs for the public good and using best methods to do so.