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Analyzing satisfaction and loyalty of car users in central Europe

Author

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  • Francesco Bruzzone
  • Federico Cavallaro
  • Alessandro Indelicato
  • Silvio Nocera

Abstract

This study analyzes the satisfaction and loyalty levels of car commuters in Central Europe using data collected within the EU-funded project ‘Smart-Commuting.’ A Fuzzy-Hybrid TOPSIS approach is employed to measure synthetic indicators of satisfaction and loyalty among commuters. Subsequently, those expressing high satisfaction and loyalty to cars are identified through Fuzzy-Clustering Analysis. Finally, Probit estimation is utilized to investigate individual socioeconomic effects on the elevated levels of satisfaction and loyalty in car-based commuting. Results suggest that these are influenced by several socio-economic factors, including travel distance, travel time, occupation, and income. Gender and age also play a role, with males and older individuals exhibiting a higher inclination to drive. These findings can be instrumental in guiding mobility measures aimed at promoting sustainable commuting, such as incentives for public transport, improvements to cycling and walking infrastructure, and the implementation of flexible working arrangements. This is particularly relevant in Central Europe, where high car-dependency for commuting is well-documented.

Suggested Citation

  • Francesco Bruzzone & Federico Cavallaro & Alessandro Indelicato & Silvio Nocera, 2025. "Analyzing satisfaction and loyalty of car users in central Europe," Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(4), pages 626-650, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:transp:v:48:y:2025:i:4:p:626-650
    DOI: 10.1080/03081060.2024.2331648
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