Designing a resilient hydrogen hub under disruption risks and non-stationary demand distribution

Hydrogen is a viable and sustainable energy alternative. It offers a solution to mitigate greenhouse gases and fortify energy security. However, its supply chain faces many uncertainties and challenges, including demand fluctuations and sourcing disruptions. This paper introduces an innovative two-stage stochastic model to plan hydrogen hub procurement, storage, and sales. In the first stage, the model optimises the order quantities by considering real-time inventory levels. This forward-thinking strategy aims to improve operational efficiency and adaptability. In the second stage, the model refines the hub operations by incorporating supplier resilience, exploration of alternative markets, emission considerations from each source, and terminal connection planning. Integrating these elements contributes to a comprehensive framework for robust hydrogen hub scheduling. This paper adopts a Benders decomposition algorithm to address the mathematical complexity of the model. This approach is necessary to ensure a smooth and efficient computational process. Empirical testing and validation of the developed model, along with the robustness of the solution methodology, emphasise its effectiveness in handling uncertainties and disruptions. This paper contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on critical facets of disruption management, supplier resilience, and emissions reduction within the hydrogen supply chain design.