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A bi-objective optimisation model for the drone scheduling problem in island delivery

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  • Ying Yang
  • Jiaxin Liu
  • Shuaian Wang

Abstract

Drone-assisted parcel delivery to remote islands is increasingly replacing traditional methods, offering improved efficiency and enhanced service reliability. This paper addresses the drone scheduling problem in island delivery (DSP-ID) by optimising drone delivery routes. In particular, we first introduce a bi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model that concurrently optimises delivery time and energy consumption. To address the model, both a heuristic non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and an exact augmented ε-constraint method are developed. The efficacy and robustness of the proposed model and algorithms are evaluated through experiments across various scales. Results indicate that both algorithms yield high-quality solutions for DSP-ID in small-scale scenarios. However, as the problem size expands, the performance of the augmented ε-constraint method wanes under time constraints, whereas the NSGA-II consistently delivers high-quality solutions. Additionally, we provide decision-makers with actionable insights for selecting the most effective drone delivery routes.

Suggested Citation

  • Ying Yang & Jiaxin Liu & Shuaian Wang, 2025. "A bi-objective optimisation model for the drone scheduling problem in island delivery," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 63(19), pages 7174-7195, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:tprsxx:v:63:y:2025:i:19:p:7174-7195
    DOI: 10.1080/00207543.2025.2496965
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