Assessing resilience measures in the Austrian dairy supply chain: a case-based simulation integrating strategic, tactical, and operational decisions

Given the increasing complexity of supply chains and the potential for disruptive environmental factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, decision-makers must increase their (operational) resilience. In particular, food supply chain actors must adopt proactive and reactive strategies and measures to mitigate disruptions and avoid negative consequences, especially for short-term food supply. We present a comprehensive approach to resilience-related decision-making based on empirical data from Austria's dairy supply chain. The research identifies actionable resilience measures across strategic, tactical, and operational dimensions alongside generic resilience strategies. Once done, we integrate them into a discrete-event simulation model that emulates Austria's dairy supply chain. Using a realistic decision-making environment, the model facilitates quantifying and evaluating the effectiveness of the measures in response to disruptions. Insights from the case study assessed in the simulation model emphasise the importance of preparing for different types of disruptions and impact magnitudes with a diverse set of resilience measures. Furthermore, their integration must be carefully assessed for potential unintended consequences in the post-disruption phase. Effective supply chain resilience-related decision-making requires a thoughtful selection of strategic initiatives combined with tactical and operational implementation across generic resilience strategies to prepare for and respond to disruptions.