State-led carbon data value chain development: a case study of the Republic of Korea

Introduction: This study investigates the state-led development and management of the value chain for corporate carbon performance data. By tracing the progression path of the carbon data value chain in the Republic of Korea, we aim to assess the functionality of a state-led system.Discussion:The state-driven value chain development provides structured support, particularly in the early development phases. However, it also presents limitations and inefficiencies, including a mismatch between the expansive role of the public sector and the constrained market activities in the downstream segments of the value chain. These dynamics are significantly influenced by country-specific elements such as economic and industrial policies, market receptivity to the net-zero transition, and the decarbonization strategies of both the state and corporations.Conclusion: To advance the carbon data value chain towards greater maturity, we recommend enhancing capacity building, fostering private sector engagement, and improving data transparency, accessibility, and usability.Key policy insights State-led carbon data value chains are effective in early development stages; however, they must transition to facilitate market-driven mechanisms as the system matures.Policymakers need to navigate the dual pressures of domestic and global agendas, ensuring firms’ adherence to regulations while promoting proactive alignment with global benchmarks.The public sector’s role should evolve to enhance the depth and breadth of data through diversified sources and criteria, fostering a more dynamic and responsive system.Global integration of the carbon data value chain demands a reconceptualization of geographical roles to ensure effective international alignment and local relevance.