IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/taf/tbitxx/v45y2026i3p463-477.html

Mapping the complexity of learners’ attitudes toward ChatGPT: preliminary validation of a new scale

Author

Listed:
  • Yuchi Zhang
  • Xinru Xue
  • Min Ding
  • Xianmin Yang

Abstract

The Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), a prominent example of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) technology, has garnered considerable attention from educational researchers and is increasingly employed in education. Learners' attitudes toward tools like ChatGPT are crucial for maximising their educational effectiveness. Previous research has overlooked the multidimensional structure of learners' attitudes toward emerging technologies, encompassing both positive and negative emotional and rational dimensions. This study aimed to develop and validate a scale, the Learners' Attitudes Toward ChatGPT Scale (LATCS), for assessing university students' attitudes toward ChatGPT. First, initial scale items were generated. A rigorous stratified random sampling method was employed, recruiting a total sample of 850 university students from seven universities across four administrative regions in mainland China. Following psychometric procedures, the total sample was split into two subsamples: an exploratory sample and a validation sample. The exploratory sample, consisting of 425 participants, was used to conduct exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop the preliminary LATCS, comprising 16 items. The validation sample, with an independent sample of 425 participants (115 males), was used to validate the LATCS's reliability and validity through confirmatory factor analysis. These findings offer a scientific tool for further exploring individuals' attitudes toward ChatGPT.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuchi Zhang & Xinru Xue & Min Ding & Xianmin Yang, 2026. "Mapping the complexity of learners’ attitudes toward ChatGPT: preliminary validation of a new scale," Behaviour and Information Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(3), pages 463-477, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:tbitxx:v:45:y:2026:i:3:p:463-477
    DOI: 10.1080/0144929X.2025.2520595
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144929X.2025.2520595
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1080/0144929X.2025.2520595?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:taf:tbitxx:v:45:y:2026:i:3:p:463-477. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Chris Longhurst (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.tandfonline.com/tbit .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.