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A Critical Examination of Land Value Capture Tools to Generate Affordable Housing in Toronto

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  • Julie Mah

Abstract

Although land value capture (LVC) mechanisms are often advanced as a method to achieve more equitable development, critical scholars argue that LVC tools (e.g., density bonusing) actually serve to (re)produce inequality. Based on a mixed methods approach, I evaluate the effectiveness of using a density bonusing approach (1988–2018) to generate affordable housing in Toronto. In so doing, this paper critically examines whether LVC tools helped advance equitable outcomes. While the approach generated a relatively few affordable units, it was more successful at securing funding for affordable housing. In the end, density bonusing facilitated the large-scale production of market-rate condominium units.

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  • Julie Mah, 2025. "A Critical Examination of Land Value Capture Tools to Generate Affordable Housing in Toronto," Planning Theory & Practice, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(3), pages 325-343, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rptpxx:v:26:y:2025:i:3:p:325-343
    DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2025.2515827
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