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Neo-patrimonialism and the discourse of state failure in Africa

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  • Zubairu Wai

Abstract

This paper is a critical interrogation of the dominant Africanist discourse on African state forms and its relationship with what is seen as pervasive state failure on the continent. Through an examination of the neo-patrimonialist literature on African states, this paper argues that what informs such problematic scholarship, inscribed on the conceptual and analytical landscape of the Weberian ideal-typical conception of state rationality is a vulgar universalism that tends to disregard specific historical experiences while subsuming them under the totalitarian grip of a Eurocentric unilinear evolutionist logic. The narrative that such scholarship produces not only constructs a mechanistic conception of state rationality based on the experience of the Western liberal state as the expression of the universal, but also denies the specificity of the continent's historical experience, by either denying its independent conceptual existence or vulgarising its social and political formations and realities, dismissing them as aberrant, deviant, deformed and of lesser quality. Immanent in this move is the ideological effacement and the rendering invisible, hence the normalisation of the relational and structural logic, of past histories of colonial domination and contemporary imperial power relations within which the states in Africa have been historically constituted and continue to be reconstituted and reimagined. When exactly does a state fail, the paper asks. Could what is defined as state failure actually be part of the processes of state formation or reconfiguration, which are misrecognised or misinterpreted because of the poverty of Africanist social science and ethnocentric biases of the particular lenses used to understand them? [Le néo-patrimonialisme et le discours de la défaillance de l'état en Afrique ]. Cet article est une interrogation critique du discours africaniste dominant sur les formes d'état africain et sa relation avec ce qui est considéré comme une défaillance persistante de l'état sur le continent. A travers un examen de la littérature néo-patrimonialiste sur les états africains, cet article soutient que ce qui est à la base de ces savoirs problématiques, inscrit dans le paysage conceptuel et analytique de la conception idéal-typique wébérienne de la rationalité étatique, est un universalisme vulgaire qui tend à ignorer les expériences historiques spécifiques tout en les subsumant sous l'emprise totalitaire d'une logique évolutionniste unilinéaire euro-centrique. Le récit que ces études permet de produire non seulement construit une conception mécaniste de la rationalité étatique basée sur l'expérience de l'état libéral occidental comme l'expression de l'universel, mais aussi nie la spécificité de l'expérience historique du continent soit en niant son existence indépendante conceptuelle, ou en vulgarisant ses formations et ses réalités sociales et politiques, les rejetant comme aberrantes, déviantes, difformes et de moindre qualité. Immanent dans ce mouvement sont l'effacement idéologique et le rendement invisible qui conduisent à la normalisation de la logique relationnelle et structurelle des histoires passées de la domination coloniale et des relations contemporaine de pouvoir impériale, dans laquelle les états en Afrique ont été historiquement constitués et continuent à être reconstitués et ré-imaginés. Quand, exactement, est-ce que l'état échoue, se demande l'article? Ce qui est défini comme état défaillant pourrait-il faire partie du processus de formation ou de reconfiguration de l'état, qui sont méconnues ou mal interprétées à cause de la pauvreté des sciences sociales et les préjugés ethnocentriques africanistes des lentilles notamment utilisées pour les comprendre? Afrique; états défaillants; types idéaux; néo-patrimonialisme; formation de l'état; défaillance de l'état; universalisme

Suggested Citation

  • Zubairu Wai, 2012. "Neo-patrimonialism and the discourse of state failure in Africa," Review of African Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(131), pages 27-43, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:27-43
    DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.658719
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    Cited by:

    1. Giles Mohan, 2019. "Pockets of effectiveness: The contributions of critical political economy and state theory," Global Development Institute Working Paper Series esid-118-19, GDI, The University of Manchester.
    2. Adventino Banjwa, 2022. "The making (and unmaking) of Uganda's ethnic-based decentralization programme," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2022-167, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    3. Fernando Lopez-Castellano & Roser Manzanera-Ruiz & Carmen Lizárraga, 2019. "Deinstitutionalization of the State and Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Contribution to the Critique of the Neoinstitutionalist Analysis of Development," Review of Radical Political Economics, Union for Radical Political Economics, vol. 51(3), pages 418-437, September.

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