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Horizontal versus Vertical Learning: Divergence and Diversification of Lead Firms in the Hangji Toothbrush Cluster, China

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  • Peng-Fei Li

Abstract

Li P.-F. Horizontal versus vertical learning: divergence and diversification of lead firms in the Hangji toothbrush cluster, China, Regional Studies . Horizontal networking between competitors has long been under-conceptualized in cluster research. Combining labour mobility/spill-offs, friendship ties, professional gatherings and competitive interaction, a horizontal framework of clusters is developed as an alternative way to interpret local and external learning processes. To illustrate this framework, divergent strategies of three lead firms in the Hangji toothbrush industry, China, are investigated from the perspective of vertical linkages in global value chains and horizontal interaction in competitive networks. Although both frameworks can account for differences in strategies among these firms, horizontal interaction is particularly significant for providing additional explanations beyond producer-buyer linkages and learning.

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  • Peng-Fei Li, 2014. "Horizontal versus Vertical Learning: Divergence and Diversification of Lead Firms in the Hangji Toothbrush Cluster, China," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(7), pages 1227-1241, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:48:y:2014:i:7:p:1227-1241
    DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2012.709610
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    Cited by:

    1. Huasheng Zhu & Yue Ding, 2017. "Going Public and Industrial Upgrading of Traditional Clusters in Developing Countries: Rethinking the Dynamics of the ‘Jinjiang Model’ in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Enrique Claver-Cortés & Bartolomé Marco-Lajara & Pedro Seva-Larrosa & Lorena Ruiz-Fernández & Eduardo Sánchez-García, 2020. "Explanatory Factors of Entrepreneurship in Food and Beverage Clusters in Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-22, July.
    3. Haiyue Liu & Jie Jiang & Lei Zhang & Xiaolan Chen, 2018. "OFDI Agglomeration and Chinese Firm Location Decisions under the “Belt and Road” Initiative," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-22, November.
    4. Pengfei Li & Harald Bathelt, 2018. "Location strategy in cluster networks," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(8), pages 967-989, October.
    5. Ekaterina Turkina & Ari Van Assche & Raja Kali, 2016. "Network Structure and Industrial Clustering Dynamics in the Aerospace Industry," CIRANO Working Papers 2016s-14, CIRANO.
    6. Wenying Fu & Javier Revilla Diez & Daniel Schiller, 2017. "Determinants of Networking Practices in the Chinese Transition Context: Empirical Insights from the Pearl River Delta," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 108(2), pages 205-219, April.

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