Leveraging quantum science and technology for sustainable development in Africa

Quantum science and technology is a rapidly growing field that harnesses the unique properties of quantum mechanics. The manipulation of quantum systems has led to unprecedented development in secure quantum communication, simulation, computing, sensing and metrology. Despite the significance of these technologies, the existing literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of how they can address various challenges faced by Africa. We address this gap by using systematic literature review methods and draw insights from diverse perspectives to present an overview of the current state of quantum science and technology in Africa. Furthermore, we explore how the full adoption and implementation of quantum technologies can contribute to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 1-4, 10, 13, and 17. We analyze the data from literature review and insights from African quantum experts, which we synthesize into a cohesive summary. This review underscores that, with appropriate efforts, quantum technologies can significantly promote social, economic, and environmental sustainability in Africa. This review goes beyond the present literature to offer a conceptual framework, theoretical insights and practical recommendations. This study is particularly timely, coinciding with the 2025 International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, which recognizes 100 years since the initial development of quantum mechanics.