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The Intergenerational Contract in the Changing Asian Family

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  • ELISABETH J. CROLL

Abstract

A contemporary Asia-wide concern is the common fear that modernization or urbanization, migration, the demographic transition, new lifestyle aspirations and the spread of Western values have emphasized individual rather than collective familial interests and thus eroded filial obligations. This paper, based on ethnographic studies across East, South-East and South Asia, suggests that far from being eroded, the generations have taken new steps to invest in the intergenerational contract, which has been renegotiated and reinterpreted by both generations in support of a robust and reciprocated cycle of care. The paper concludes that this is a pragmatic, necessary and far-sighted response to the development strategies and social policies supported by Asian states. It can be argued that, in Asian societies, it is the familial contract and familial exclusion rather than a social contract and social exclusion that are more pertinent to individual well-being, and that intergenerational resource flows significantly subsidize contemporary Asian development strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Elisabeth J. Croll, 2006. "The Intergenerational Contract in the Changing Asian Family," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(4), pages 473-491.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:oxdevs:v:34:y:2006:i:4:p:473-491
    DOI: 10.1080/13600810601045833
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    Cited by:

    1. Min Qin & Jane Falkingham & Maria Evandrou & Athina Vlachantoni, 2020. "Attitudes and preferences towards future old-age support amongst tomorrow’s elders in China," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 43(11), pages 285-314.
    2. Liping Fu & Yuhui Wang & Lanping He, 2020. "Factors Associated with the Psychological Health of Caregiving Older Parents and Support from Their Grown Children: Results from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-11, January.
    3. Zhang, Nan & Nazroo, James & Vanhoutte, Bram, 2021. "The relationship between rural to urban migration in China and risk of depression in later life: An investigation of life course effects," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    4. Nattaya Prapaipanich, 2018. "A study of elderly welfare by comparing private and public retirement homes: A case study in Bangkok," Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), Prague Development Center, vol. 14(2), pages 243-255, April.
    5. Kumar, Sneha, 2021. "Offspring's labor migration and its implications for elderly parents' emotional wellbeing in Indonesia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    6. Yixuan Liu & Liumeng Li & Guomei Miao & Xinyan Yang & Yinghui Wu & Yanling Xu & Yonghong Gao & Yongzhi Zhan & Yiwei Zhong & Shujuan Yang, 2021. "Relationship between Children’s Intergenerational Emotional Support and Subjective Well-Being among Middle-Aged and Elderly People in China: The Mediation Role of the Sense of Social Fairness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Premchand Dommaraju, 2015. "One-person households in India," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 32(45), pages 1239-1266.
    8. Teerawichitchainan, Bussarawan & Prachuabmoh, Vipan & Knodel, John, 2019. "Productive aging in developing Southeast Asia: Comparative analyses between Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 161-171.
    9. Luis Miguel Dos Santos, 2020. "I Am a Nursing Student but Hate Nursing: The East Asian Perspectives between Social Expectation and Social Context," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-18, April.
    10. Thin Nyein Nyein Aung & Myo Nyein Aung & Saiyud Moolphate & Yuka Koyanagi & Mariko Ichikawa & Siripen Supakankunti & Motoyuki Yuasa, 2021. "Estimating Service Demand for Intermediary Care at a Community Integrated Intermediary Care Center among Family Caregivers of Older Adults Residing in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-14, June.
    11. Teerawichitchainan, Bussarawan & Pothisiri, Wiraporn & Long, Giang Thanh, 2015. "How do living arrangements and intergenerational support matter for psychological health of elderly parents? Evidence from Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 136, pages 106-116.
    12. Wen-Chun Chang, 2013. "Family Ties, Living Arrangement, and Marital Satisfaction," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 215-233, March.
    13. Thin Nyein Nyein Aung & Myo Nyein Aung & Saiyud Moolphate & Yuka Koyanagi & Siripen Supakankunti & Motoyuki Yuasa, 2021. "Caregiver Burden and Associated Factors for the Respite Care Needs among the Family Caregivers of Community Dwelling Senior Citizens in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-15, May.
    14. Tsz-ming Or, 2018. "Pathways to homeownership among young professionals in urban China: The role of family resources," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 55(11), pages 2391-2407, August.
    15. Teerawichitchainan, Bussarawan & Low, Timothy Qing Ying, 2021. "The situation and well-being of custodial grandparents in Myanmar: Impacts of adult children's cross-border and internal migration," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    16. Marion Herens & Monica Gabrielli & Bram Peters & Jan Brouwers & Diane Bosch, 2018. "Farmers’ Adaptive Strategies in Balancing Commercial Farming and Consumption of Nutritious Foods: Case Study of Myanmar," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-20, December.
    17. Yanrong Cheng & Jian Lan & Qinying Ci, 2023. "Employment and Mental Health of the Chinese Elderly: Evidence from CHARLS 2018," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-14, February.
    18. Laishram Ladusingh & Melody Thangjam, 2021. "Policy reforms and changing intergenerational support of elderly in India," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 38(4), pages 401-416, December.
    19. Ying Wang & Peiwen Luo, 2022. "Exploring the Needs of Elderly Care in China from Family Caregivers’ Perspective via Machine Learning Approaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-14, September.
    20. Lanfang Deng & Haizheng Li & Zhiqiang Liu, 2023. "The impact of family co-residence and childcare on children’s cognitive skills," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(26), pages 3008-3025, June.
    21. Wang, Lianjie & Tang, Yao, 2023. "Impacts of intergenerational caregiving on grandparents’ health: Implications for SDG-3," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 584-598.
    22. Wang, Shuhong & Li, Shengxiao (Alex) & Hu, Wanyang, 2022. "Grandparenting and subjective well-being in China: The moderating effects of residential location, gender, age, and income," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    23. Shuangshuang Tang & Jing Zhou & Oana Druta & Xin Li, 2023. "Settlement in Nanjing among Chinese rural migrant families: The role of changing and persistent family norms," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 60(6), pages 1083-1101, May.
    24. Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan & John Knodel & Wiraporn Pothisiri, 2015. "What does living alone really mean for older persons? A comparative study of Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 32(48), pages 1329-1360.
    25. Pataporn Sukontamarn & M. Niaz Asadullah & Nopphawan Photphisutthiphong & Yen Thi Hai Nguyen, 2023. "Happiness in Old Age: The Daughter Connection," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 24(5), pages 1729-1757, June.

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