Artificial intelligence as a driver in adopting green innovation in the agricultural sector: evidence from an emerging economy

Adopting emerging technologies to drive economic development and promote sustainability has become a priority for developing countries. This study analyzes the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and green innovation, using the Colombian agricultural sector as a case study. From a quantitative approach, structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to a sample of 231 agricultural production units. The results indicate a positive and significant association between AI and green product innovation, especially in eco-design practices, such as the selection of less polluting materials and energy-efficient raw materials. Similarly, a favorable relationship between AI and green process innovation is confirmed, highlighting its role in optimizing waste reuse and reducing water and energy consumption. These results contribute to expanding the literature developed in emerging countries by empirically demonstrating how AI acts as a strategic facilitator in transforming the agricultural sector. It also provides practical guidance on how to leverage AI to drive greater innovation, increase investment in infrastructure, offer technological training to farmers, and reorganize processes to support the transition to more efficient, competitive, and sustainable agricultural systems in terms of natural resource use.