Factors affecting the intention of disaster survivors to comply to disaster response procedure and to prepare for future disasters

Disaster preparedness and compliance with response protocols are critical components of effective disaster risk management. Previous studies have identified the importance of media exposure, trust in authorities and knowledge in shaping disaster preparedness behaviours. However, the relationship between these factors in shaping preparedness and compliance behaviours has not been widely studied. Based on the data collected from the survivors of a major earthquake in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia, we study how these factors influence their disaster preparedness and compliance behavioural intention. We apply and extend the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to examine factors influencing behavioural intentions among disaster survivors and analyse the data using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The findings demonstrate that attitude remains the most influential TPB component, consistent with findings across Southeast Asian studies. Subjective norms also play a significant role, while perceived behavioural control has a comparatively limited impact. Furthermore, media exposure emerged as the most influential exogenous factor, underscoring the need for responsible and accurate disaster risk communication. A key contribution of this study is the empirical evidence it provides on how altruistic fear in disaster contexts is amplified by media. Concern for family, friends, and community members strongly influenced behavioural intentions, suggesting that preparedness strategies should appeal not only to self-preservation but also to collective well-being. Trust and knowledge were also significant predictors, reinforcing the importance of building institutional credibility and enhancing public awareness of disaster risk.