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A framework for understanding and dealing with tensions in risk science

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  • Marja Ylönen
  • Terje Aven

Abstract

In all sciences, tensions—apparent and hidden—exist between different ‘schools’, environments and persons on scientific knowledge and processes, reflecting conflicting or opposing views and perspectives. So it is also for risk science. In this article, we present a framework for identifying, understanding, characterising and dealing with such tensions within risk science. The framework is built on organisational and management studies on tensions and paradoxes, and highlights sources and processes creating tensions, responses to tensions and the effect of responses, in addition to the tensions themselves. Applying the framework on some selected tensions, we show how the framework can be used to understand and deal with the issues. Two examples are highlighted, applied versus generic risk science, and safety risks versus security risks.

Suggested Citation

  • Marja Ylönen & Terje Aven, 2025. "A framework for understanding and dealing with tensions in risk science," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(6), pages 571-588, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jriskr:v:28:y:2025:i:6:p:571-588
    DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2025.2539110
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