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Dynamic causality testing for EKC hypothesis, pollution haven hypothesis and international trade in India

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  • Ritu Rana
  • Manoj Sharma

Abstract

This study examines the causality relationships between foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth (GDP) and CO2 emissions along with the level of trade (exports and imports) taking place in India. The study uses data obtained from World Development Indicators (WDI) of World Bank Group for the period 1982–2013. The study employed the dynamic multivariate Toda-Yamamoto (TY) approach that uses the modified Wald (MWALD) test. Among the major findings of the study are: the existence of both Pollution Haven Hypothesis and Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in India. The other findings of the study are: FDI is causing exports; exports are causing imports; imports are causing CO2 emissions; and finally CO2 emissions and GDP are causing each other. This finding concludes mainly two things. First, India imports more of pollution-intensive manufactured goods. Second, FDI is causing GDP in India but through CO2 emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Ritu Rana & Manoj Sharma, 2019. "Dynamic causality testing for EKC hypothesis, pollution haven hypothesis and international trade in India," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(3), pages 348-364, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jitecd:v:28:y:2019:i:3:p:348-364
    DOI: 10.1080/09638199.2018.1542451
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    Cited by:

    1. Huayun Zhai & Danlan Liu & Kam C. Chan, 2019. "The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Firm Export: Evidence from China’s Ecological Protection Red Line Policy?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-13, October.
    2. Edmund Ntom Udemba, 2023. "Cushioning environmental damage with institutions and FDI: study of sustainable development goals (SDGs)," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(9), pages 10217-10237, September.
    3. Sethi, Pradeepta & Chakrabarti, Debkumar & Bhattacharjee, Sankalpa, 2020. "Globalization, financial development and economic growth: Perils on the environmental sustainability of an emerging economy," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 520-535.
    4. Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel & Contente dos Santos Parente, Clara & Leitão, Nuno Carlos & Cantos-Cantos, José María, 2023. "The influence of economic complexity processes and renewable energy on CO2 emissions of BRICS. What about industry 4.0?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    5. Adeel-Farooq, Rana Muhammad & Riaz, Muhammad Faraz & Ali, Tariq, 2021. "Improving the environment begins at home: Revisiting the links between FDI and environment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PB).
    6. Manga, Muge & Cengiz, Orhan & Destek, Mehmet Akif, 2022. "Is export quality a viable option for sustainable development paths of Asian countries?," MPRA Paper 117552, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Vasilii Erokhin & Tianming Gao, 2020. "Impacts of COVID-19 on Trade and Economic Aspects of Food Security: Evidence from 45 Developing Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-28, August.
    8. Sharma, Rajesh & Sinha, Avik & Kautish, Pradeep, 2021. "Do economic endeavors complement sustainability goals in the emerging economies of South and Southeast Asia?," MPRA Paper 108163, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2021.
    9. Ahmad, Manzoor & Zheng, Jianghuai, 2021. "Do innovation in environmental-related technologies cyclically and asymmetrically affect environmental sustainability in BRICS nations?," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    10. Mahamuda Firoj & Nair Sultana & Sharmina Khanom & Md Harun Ur Rashid & Abeda Sultana, 2023. "Pollution haven hypothesis and the environmental Kuznets curve of Bangladesh: an empirical investigation," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 197-227, March.
    11. Hossain, Mohammad Razib & Rej, Soumen & Awan, Ashar & Bandyopadhyay, Arunava & Islam, Md Sayemul & Das, Narasingha & Hossain, Md Emran, 2023. "Natural resource dependency and environmental sustainability under N-shaped EKC: The curious case of India," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    12. Rabeh Khalfaoui & Aviral Kumar Tiwari & Usman Khalid & Muhammad Shahbaz, 2023. "Nexus between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth in G7 countries: fresh insights via wavelet coherence analysis," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 66(1), pages 31-66, January.
    13. Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi & Bein, Murad A. & Udemba, Edmund Ntom & Bekun, Festus Victor, 2021. "Investigating the pollution haven hypothesis in oil and non-oil sub-Saharan Africa countries: Evidence from quantile regression technique," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    14. Chi-Hui Wang & Prasad Padmanabhan & Chia-Hsing Huang, 2021. "The Impact of Renewable Energy, Urbanization, and Environmental Sustainability Ratings on the Environmental Kuznets Curve and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-22, December.
    15. Esma Erdoğan & Duygu Serin Oktay & Müge Manga & Harun Bal & Neşe Algan, 2024. "Examining the Effects of Renewable Energy and Economic Growth on Carbon Emission in Canada: Evidence from the Nonlinear ARDL Approaches," Evaluation Review, , vol. 48(1), pages 63-89, February.
    16. Xiaosan, Zhang & Qingquan, Jiang & Shoukat Iqbal, Khattak & Manzoor, Ahmad & Zia Ur, Rahman, 2021. "Achieving sustainability and energy efficiency goals: Assessing the impact of hydroelectric and renewable electricity generation on carbon dioxide emission in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    17. Zameer, Hashim & Yasmeen, Humaira & Zafar, Muhammad Wasif & Waheed, Abdul & Sinha, Avik, 2020. "Analyzing the association between Innovation, Economic Growth, and Environment: Divulging the Importance of FDI and Trade Openness in India," MPRA Paper 101323, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2020.
    18. Omar Al-Kasasbeh & Amro Alzghoul & Hasan Alhanatleh, 2022. "Empirical Analysis of Air Pollution Impacts on Jordan Economy," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(4), pages 512-516, July.
    19. Xinwei Zhao & Xinsong Yang & Geng Peng & Shengjie Yue, 2023. "International Trade and Carbon Emissions: Evaluating the Role of Trade Rule Uncertainty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-19, July.
    20. Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Villanthenkodath, Muhammed Ashiq & Mallick, Hrushikesh & Gupta, Monika, 2021. "Assessing the effectiveness of total foreign aid and foreign energy aid inflows on environmental quality in India," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    21. Salih Ozturk & Murat Cetin & Harun Demir, 2022. "Income inequality and CO2 emissions: nonlinear evidence from Turkey," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(10), pages 11911-11928, October.
    22. Daberechi Chikezie Ekwueme & Taiwo Temitope Lasisi & Kayode Kolawole Eluwole, 2023. "Environmental sustainability in Asian countries: Understanding the criticality of economic growth, industrialization, tourism import, and energy use," Energy & Environment, , vol. 34(5), pages 1592-1618, August.
    23. Mustafa Kamal & Muhammad Usman & Atif Jahanger & Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, 2021. "Revisiting the Role of Fiscal Policy, Financial Development, and Foreign Direct Investment in Reducing Environmental Pollution during Globalization Mode: Evidence from Linear and Nonlinear Panel Data ," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-25, October.
    24. Hossein Ali Fakher & Zahoor Ahmed, 2023. "Does financial development moderate the link between technological innovation and environmental indicators? An advanced panel analysis," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-19, December.

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