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Hacia una Tercera vía en la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa: Aportes desde el Enfoque de Capacidades para superar el Utilitarismo

Author

Listed:
  • Mario Morales-Parragué
  • Luis Araya-Castillo
  • Fidel Molina-Luque

Abstract

La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) ha sido interpretada desde marcos que habitualmente la reducen a la maximización de beneficios económicos o a iniciativas filantrópicas desvinculadas de la gestión. El Enfoque de Capacidades (EC), desarrollado por Sen y Nussbaum, ofrece una alternativa normativa para repensar la RSC desde la justicia y el desarrollo humano. Sin embargo, su aplicación organizacional ha sido cuestionada por su énfasis individualista y la dificultad de aplicar sus fundamentos. Este artículo propone una tercera vía que reinterpreta el EC desde una perspectiva relacional, reconociendo que las capacidades se configuran en interacción con estructuras institucionales y vínculos sociales. Sobre esta base se introduce el Modelo de Interacción de Capacidades (CIM), que concibe al negocio como un puente entre empresa y sociedad, un HUB de Capacidades de los Stakeholders. En este espacio se despliega la Agencia Situada y emergen Capacidades que reflejan oportunidades de desarrollo humano. La propuesta se aplica a tres marcos influyentes en la RSC: la teoría de los stakeholders, la pirámide de Carroll y el enfoque de Valor Compartido, reformulándolos desde una lógica cooperativa y deliberativa, ofreciendo una mirada normativa para orientar la gestión empresarial hacia la co-creación de valor y la expansión de libertades reales.Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has often been interpreted through frameworks that reduce it either to the maximization of economic benefits or to philanthropic initiatives disconnected from management. The Capability Approach (CA), developed by Sen and Nussbaum, offers a normative alternative to rethink CSR from the standpoint of justice and human development. However, its organizational application has been questioned for its individualistic emphasis and the difficulty of operationalizing its foundations. This article proposes a third way that reinterprets the CA from a relational perspective, recognizing that capabilities are shaped through interaction with institutional structures and social relationships. On this basis, the Capability Interaction Model (CIM) is introduced, conceiving business as a bridge between the company and society, a stakeholder capability hub. Within this space, Situated Agency unfolds and Capabilities emerge that reflect opportunities for human development. The proposal is applied to three influential CSR frameworks, stakeholder theory, Carroll's pyramid, and the Shared Value approach, reformulating them through a cooperative and deliberative logic, and offering a normative lens to guide business management toward the co-creation of value and the expansion of real freedoms.

Suggested Citation

  • Mario Morales-Parragué & Luis Araya-Castillo & Fidel Molina-Luque, 2026. "Hacia una Tercera vía en la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa: Aportes desde el Enfoque de Capacidades para superar el Utilitarismo," Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(2), pages 285-308, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:jhudca:v:27:y:2026:i:2:p:285-308
    DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2025.2583359
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