No forest, no dispute: the rights-based approach to creating an enabling environment for participatory forest management based on a case from Madhupur Sal Forest, Bangladesh

This study explored whether and how the duty-bearer applied a rights-based approach (RBA) in the context of long-running disputes in Madhupur Sal Forest, Bangladesh to transform conflicts into solutions for collective management of forest resources. Using a case study design, we applied a timeline method and semi-structured in-depth interviews to collect data. The grounded theory approach was used to reconstruct the experiences of tribal forest dwellers, and identify the common themes of RBA. The study revealed that neglecting the rights of the forest dwellers led to ineffective policies and programs and, subsequently, to long-running conflicts. In order to sustain collaboration, it is necessary to integrate rights-based discussions with desired recognition, promises, instruction, and welfare provision, considering freedom, security, need for information, and delegating responsibilities. The study provides insights into how forest duty-bearers should consider the broader perspective of RBA in order to sustain their initiatives and achieve the conservation goal.