Evaluation of the effects of different distalization systems on dentoalveolar structures in Class II malocclusions using finite element analysis

This study aimed to evaluate the movement pattern of two different distalization systems during the distalization of the maxillary dentition from the maxillary canine to the second molar tooth and the stresses in the periodontal ligament by anchoring the mandibular dentition using the finite element analysis method. A standard three-dimensional finite element model was created that simulates the mechanics planned to be implemented with maxillary and mandibular teeth, periodontal ligaments, cortical and trabecular bones. Two different distalization mechanics were applied to this model with the Carriere Distalizer appliance (CDA) and the clear splint appliance (CSA), and two scenarios were created. The amount of displacement of the teeth from the maxillary canine to the second molar tooth was calculated, and the von Mises stress distribution in the periodontal ligament of the relevant teeth was visualized with a color scale. The current study found that the distalization movement of the CDA and the CSA after the force applied by anchoring from the mandibular dentition was similar. Although the amount of distalization obtained with the CDA is higher, it is seen that the mass movement is more significant in the CSA. The CDA and CSA showed a similar distalization pattern. The current study findings suggest that the CSA can be added to the Class II distalization treatment options such as the CDA.